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-/********************************************************************

- * Andrei Florea - CST 116 - Chapter 9 - Debugging & Functions

- *

- * Chapter 9 Questions & Answers (it didn't specify which questions, so I'm assuming all?)

- *  How does a computer know where to go back to?

- *      - It knows because of a parameter that is called the return address, which lets the computer know

- *      where to go back to after executing the function.

- *

- *  How does it maintain the state of all variables when a function is called?

- *      - The state of all variables is saved before a function call, and when creating a function,

- *      you can decide whether you want to pass the parameters as reference ( reference to the memory location )

- *      or passing the value of the variable which both can alter the original values, but they differ on how.

- *      Passing by reference, any manipulation inside the function to the given parameter variables will alter it,

- *      but if its passed by value, it has to return the variable(s), as it creates a copy of the original variables.

- *

- *

-* File: CST116-Ch9-Debugging.cpp

-*

-* General Instructions: Complete each step before proceeding to the

-* next.

-*

-* Debugging Exercise 1

-*

-* 1) Insert a breakpoint on the lines indicated in the code.

-* 2) Run to Breakpoint 1.

-* 3) Place a watch on age and days.

-* 4) Add another watch using &age for the name. This will display

-*    the address of age.

-* 5) Write down the address of age.

- *

- * 0x000000016dd67838

- *

-* 6) Step Into the code for the function GetAge.

-* 7) The execution continues to the function header for GetAge.

-* 8) Step into one more time.

-* 9) Why did the address of age and value change?

- *

- * The address of age and its value changed because we entered a function, where it initialized

- * a new variable with the same name, and gave it a different value. It is not overwriting the

- * original age variable, it is instead creating a new variable.

- *

-* 10) Step over the cout and cin statements.

-* 11) Verify the value entered is stored properly in age.

-* 12) Step into until the flow returns to main.

-* 13) Step over one more time.

-* 14) Why didn't the value entered get transferred back to main?

- *

- * The value entered didn't get transferred back to main because we are not

- * storing the return value of GetAge() to the variable age.

- *

-* 15) Stop debugging and fix the error.

-* 16) Run to Breakpoint 1.

-* 17) Step over the function call to GetAge.

-* 18) Verify that the value entered was returned and stored

-*     correctly from GetAge.

-* 19) Stop debugging.

- *

- * Done.

-*

-* Debugging Exercise 2

-*

-* 1) Run to Breakpoint 1.

-* 2) Step over the call to GetAge.

-* 3) Step into CalcDays.

-* 4) Step into one more time so that the current line is the

-*    calculation.

-* 5) Why is age greyed out in your watch window?

- *

- *  I believe age is greyed out in my watch window because we are not using the variable age to

- *  calculate the amount of days. It is now using the newly initialized variable in the parameter of

- *  CalcDays() which is "int years". So instead of age, I have years in my watch window.

- *

-* 6) Stop debugging.

-*

-* Debugging Exercise 3

-*

-* 1) Run to Breakpoint 2.

-* 2) When asked, enter the value of 20 for your age.

-* 3) Verify that the variable age is 20 and the variable days

-*    is 7300.

- *

- *    Verified.

- *

-* 4) Step into the PrintResults function.

-* 5) Age is 7300? Not even Ralph is that old.

-* 6) Why did the values for both variables change?

- *

- * The values changed because of the function call with the argument order. The function is defined

- * with the parameters in the order of (int days, int age). While the function call is calling

- * with the arguments of the variables in the order of (age, days).

- *

-* 7) Stop debugging and fix the error.

-*

-* Debugging Exercise 4

-*

-* 1) Run to Breakpoint 2.

-* 2) Display your Call Stack window.

-* 3) View the contents of the window and notice that the top

-*    function on the stack is main.

-* 4) Step into the PrintResults function.

-* 5) Notice that the call stack now shows PrintResults on top of

-*    the stack.

- *

- *    Done.

- *

-********************************************************************/

-#include <iostream>

-using std::cout;

-using std::cin;

-using std::endl;

-

-const int DAYS_PER_YEAR = 365;

-

-int GetAge();

-int CalcDays(int age);

-void PrintResults(int age, int days);

-

-int main()

-{

-    int age = 0;

-    int days = 0;

-

-    // Breakpoint 1

-    // Put breakpoint on the following line 

-    age = GetAge();

-    days = CalcDays(age);

-

-    // Breakpoint 2

-    // Put breakpoint on the following line

-    PrintResults(days, age);

-

-    return 0;

-}

-int GetAge()

-{

-    int age;

-

-    cout << "Please enter your age: ";

-    cin >> age;

-

-    return age;

-}

-int CalcDays(int years)

-{

-    int days;

-

-    days = years * DAYS_PER_YEAR;

-

-    return days;

-}

-void PrintResults(int days, int age)

-{

-    cout << age << "! Boy are you old!\n";

-    cout << "Did you know that you are at least " << days << " days old?\n\n";

-}