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1 files changed, 3116 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/win.c b/src/win.c
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+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2011-2013, Christopher Jeffrey
+// Copyright (c) 2013 Richard Grenville <[email protected]>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <xcb/composite.h>
+#include <xcb/damage.h>
+#include <xcb/render.h>
+#include <xcb/xcb.h>
+#include <xcb/xcb_renderutil.h>
+#include <xcb/xinerama.h>
+
+#include "atom.h"
+#include "backend/backend.h"
+#include "backend/backend_common.h"
+#include "c2.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "compiler.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "picom.h"
+#include "region.h"
+#include "render.h"
+#include "string_utils.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include "uthash_extra.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "x.h"
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+#include "dbus.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL
+// TODO(yshui) Get rid of this include
+#include "opengl.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "win.h"
+
+// TODO(yshui) Make more window states internal
+struct managed_win_internal {
+	struct managed_win base;
+};
+
+#define OPAQUE (0xffffffff)
+static const int WIN_GET_LEADER_MAX_RECURSION = 20;
+static const int ROUNDED_PIXELS = 1;
+static const double ROUNDED_PERCENT = 0.05;
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the <code>WM_CLASS</code> of a window and update its
+ * <code>win</code> structure.
+ */
+static bool win_update_class(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+static int win_update_role(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+static void win_update_wintype(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+static int win_update_name(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+/**
+ * Reread opacity property of a window.
+ */
+static void win_update_opacity_prop(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+static void win_update_opacity_target(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+/**
+ * Retrieve frame extents from a window.
+ */
+static void
+win_update_frame_extents(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, xcb_window_t client);
+static void win_update_prop_shadow_raw(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+static void win_update_prop_shadow(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+/**
+ * Update leader of a window.
+ */
+static void win_update_leader(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w);
+
+/// Generate a "no corners" region function, from a function that returns the
+/// region via a region_t pointer argument. Corners of the window will be removed from
+/// the returned region.
+/// Function signature has to be (win *, region_t *)
+#define gen_without_corners(fun)                                                         \
+	void fun##_without_corners(const struct managed_win *w, region_t *res) {         \
+		fun(w, res);                                                             \
+		win_region_remove_corners(w, res);                                       \
+	}
+
+/// Generate a "return by value" function, from a function that returns the
+/// region via a region_t pointer argument.
+/// Function signature has to be (win *)
+#define gen_by_val(fun)                                                                  \
+	region_t fun##_by_val(const struct managed_win *w) {                             \
+		region_t ret;                                                            \
+		pixman_region32_init(&ret);                                              \
+		fun(w, &ret);                                                            \
+		return ret;                                                              \
+	}
+
+/**
+ * Clear leader cache of all windows.
+ */
+static inline void clear_cache_win_leaders(session_t *ps) {
+	win_stack_foreach_managed(w, &ps->window_stack) {
+		w->cache_leader = XCB_NONE;
+	}
+}
+
+static xcb_window_t win_get_leader_raw(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, int recursions);
+
+/**
+ * Get the leader of a window.
+ *
+ * This function updates w->cache_leader if necessary.
+ */
+static inline xcb_window_t win_get_leader(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	return win_get_leader_raw(ps, w, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the real content of the window is visible.
+ *
+ * A window is not considered "real" visible if it's fading out. Because in that case a
+ * cached version of the window is displayed.
+ */
+static inline bool attr_pure win_is_real_visible(const struct managed_win *w) {
+	return w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING &&
+	       w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update focused state of a window.
+ */
+static void win_update_focused(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (UNSET != w->focused_force) {
+		w->focused = w->focused_force;
+	} else {
+		w->focused = win_is_focused_raw(ps, w);
+
+		// Use wintype_focus, and treat WM windows and override-redirected
+		// windows specially
+		if (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].focus ||
+		    (ps->o.mark_wmwin_focused && w->wmwin) ||
+		    (ps->o.mark_ovredir_focused && w->base.id == w->client_win && !w->wmwin) ||
+		    (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE &&
+		     c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.focus_blacklist, NULL))) {
+			w->focused = true;
+		}
+
+		// If window grouping detection is enabled, mark the window active if
+		// its group is
+		if (ps->o.track_leader && ps->active_leader &&
+		    win_get_leader(ps, w) == ps->active_leader) {
+			w->focused = true;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run win_on_factor_change() on all windows with the same leader window.
+ *
+ * @param leader leader window ID
+ */
+static inline void group_on_factor_change(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t leader) {
+	if (!leader) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	HASH_ITER2(ps->windows, w) {
+		assert(!w->destroyed);
+		if (!w->managed) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+		if (win_get_leader(ps, mw) == leader) {
+			win_on_factor_change(ps, mw);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static inline const char *win_get_name_if_managed(const struct win *w) {
+	if (!w->managed) {
+		return "(unmanaged)";
+	}
+	auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+	return mw->name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return whether a window group is really focused.
+ *
+ * @param leader leader window ID
+ * @return true if the window group is focused, false otherwise
+ */
+static inline bool group_is_focused(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t leader) {
+	if (!leader) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	HASH_ITER2(ps->windows, w) {
+		assert(!w->destroyed);
+		if (!w->managed) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+		if (win_get_leader(ps, mw) == leader && win_is_focused_raw(ps, mw)) {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a rectangular region a window occupies, excluding shadow.
+ */
+static void win_get_region_local(const struct managed_win *w, region_t *res) {
+	assert(w->widthb >= 0 && w->heightb >= 0);
+	pixman_region32_fini(res);
+	pixman_region32_init_rect(res, 0, 0, (uint)w->widthb, (uint)w->heightb);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a rectangular region a window occupies, excluding frame and shadow.
+ */
+void win_get_region_noframe_local(const struct managed_win *w, region_t *res) {
+	const margin_t extents = win_calc_frame_extents(w);
+
+	int x = extents.left;
+	int y = extents.top;
+	int width = max2(w->widthb - (extents.left + extents.right), 0);
+	int height = max2(w->heightb - (extents.top + extents.bottom), 0);
+
+	pixman_region32_fini(res);
+	if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
+		pixman_region32_init_rect(res, x, y, (uint)width, (uint)height);
+	} else {
+		pixman_region32_init(res);
+	}
+}
+
+gen_without_corners(win_get_region_noframe_local);
+
+void win_get_region_frame_local(const struct managed_win *w, region_t *res) {
+	const margin_t extents = win_calc_frame_extents(w);
+	auto outer_width = w->widthb;
+	auto outer_height = w->heightb;
+
+	pixman_region32_fini(res);
+	pixman_region32_init_rects(
+	    res,
+	    (rect_t[]){
+	        // top
+	        {.x1 = 0, .y1 = 0, .x2 = outer_width, .y2 = extents.top},
+	        // bottom
+	        {.x1 = 0, .y1 = outer_height - extents.bottom, .x2 = outer_width, .y2 = outer_height},
+	        // left
+	        {.x1 = 0, .y1 = 0, .x2 = extents.left, .y2 = outer_height},
+	        // right
+	        {.x1 = outer_width - extents.right, .y1 = 0, .x2 = outer_width, .y2 = outer_height},
+	    },
+	    4);
+
+	// limit the frame region to inside the window
+	region_t reg_win;
+	pixman_region32_init_rects(&reg_win, (rect_t[]){{0, 0, outer_width, outer_height}}, 1);
+	pixman_region32_intersect(res, &reg_win, res);
+	pixman_region32_fini(&reg_win);
+}
+
+gen_by_val(win_get_region_frame_local);
+
+/**
+ * Add a window to damaged area.
+ *
+ * @param ps current session
+ * @param w struct _win element representing the window
+ */
+void add_damage_from_win(session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	// XXX there was a cached extents region, investigate
+	//     if that's better
+
+	// TODO(yshui) use the bounding shape when the window is shaped, otherwise the
+	//             damage would be excessive
+	region_t extents;
+	pixman_region32_init(&extents);
+	win_extents(w, &extents);
+	add_damage(ps, &extents);
+	pixman_region32_fini(&extents);
+}
+
+/// Release the images attached to this window
+static inline void win_release_pixmap(backend_t *base, struct managed_win *w) {
+	log_debug("Releasing pixmap of window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	assert(w->win_image);
+	if (w->win_image) {
+		base->ops->release_image(base, w->win_image);
+		w->win_image = NULL;
+		// Bypassing win_set_flags, because `w` might have been destroyed
+		w->flags |= WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_NONE;
+	}
+}
+static inline void win_release_oldpixmap(backend_t *base, struct managed_win *w) {
+	log_debug("Releasing old_pixmap of window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	if (w->old_win_image) {
+		base->ops->release_image(base, w->old_win_image);
+		w->old_win_image = NULL;
+	}
+}
+static inline void win_release_shadow(backend_t *base, struct managed_win *w) {
+	log_debug("Releasing shadow of window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	assert(w->shadow_image);
+	if (w->shadow_image) {
+		base->ops->release_image(base, w->shadow_image);
+		w->shadow_image = NULL;
+		// Bypassing win_set_flags, because `w` might have been destroyed
+		w->flags |= WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_NONE;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline bool win_bind_pixmap(struct backend_base *b, struct managed_win *w) {
+	assert(!w->win_image);
+	auto pixmap = x_new_id(b->c);
+	auto e = xcb_request_check(
+	    b->c, xcb_composite_name_window_pixmap_checked(b->c, w->base.id, pixmap));
+	if (e) {
+		log_error("Failed to get named pixmap for window %#010x(%s)", w->base.id,
+		          w->name);
+		free(e);
+		return false;
+	}
+	log_debug("New named pixmap for %#010x (%s) : %#010x", w->base.id, w->name, pixmap);
+	w->win_image =
+	    b->ops->bind_pixmap(b, pixmap, x_get_visual_info(b->c, w->a.visual), true);
+	if (!w->win_image) {
+		log_error("Failed to bind pixmap");
+		win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGE_ERROR);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_NONE);
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool win_bind_shadow(struct backend_base *b, struct managed_win *w, struct color c,
+                     struct conv *kernel) {
+	assert(!w->shadow_image);
+	assert(w->shadow);
+	w->shadow_image = b->ops->render_shadow(b, w->widthb, w->heightb, kernel, c.red,
+	                                        c.green, c.blue, c.alpha);
+	if (!w->shadow_image) {
+		log_error("Failed to bind shadow image, shadow will be disabled for "
+		          "%#010x (%s)",
+		          w->base.id, w->name);
+		win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_NONE);
+		w->shadow = false;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	log_debug("New shadow for %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_NONE);
+	return true;
+}
+
+void win_release_images(struct backend_base *backend, struct managed_win *w) {
+	// We don't want to decide what we should do if the image we want to release is
+	// stale (do we clear the stale flags or not?)
+	// But if we are not releasing any images anyway, we don't care about the stale
+	// flags.
+
+	if (!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_NONE)) {
+		assert(!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_STALE));
+		win_release_pixmap(backend, w);
+		win_release_oldpixmap(backend, w);
+	}
+
+	if (!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_NONE)) {
+		assert(!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_STALE));
+		win_release_shadow(backend, w);
+	}
+}
+
+/// Returns true if the `prop` property is stale, as well as clears the stale flag.
+static bool win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(struct managed_win *w, xcb_atom_t prop);
+/// Returns true if any of the properties are stale, as well as clear all the stale flags.
+static void win_clear_all_properties_stale(struct managed_win *w);
+
+/// Fetch new window properties from the X server, and run appropriate updates. Might set
+/// WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED
+static void win_update_properties(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE)) {
+		win_update_wintype(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY)) {
+		win_update_opacity_prop(ps, w);
+		// we cannot receive OPACITY change when window has been destroyed
+		assert(w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING);
+		win_update_opacity_target(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->a_NET_FRAME_EXTENTS)) {
+		win_update_frame_extents(ps, w, w->client_win);
+		add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->aWM_NAME) ||
+	    win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_NAME)) {
+		if (win_update_name(ps, w) == 1) {
+			win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->aWM_CLASS)) {
+		if (win_update_class(ps, w)) {
+			win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->aWM_WINDOW_ROLE)) {
+		if (win_update_role(ps, w) == 1) {
+			win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->a_COMPTON_SHADOW)) {
+		win_update_prop_shadow(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	if (win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->aWM_CLIENT_LEADER) ||
+	    win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(w, ps->atoms->aWM_TRANSIENT_FOR)) {
+		win_update_leader(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	win_clear_all_properties_stale(w);
+}
+
+static void init_animation(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	enum open_window_animation animation = ps->o.animation_for_open_window;
+
+	w->animation_transient = wid_has_prop(ps, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_TRANSIENT_FOR);
+
+	if (w->window_type != WINTYPE_TOOLTIP && w->animation_transient)
+		animation = ps->o.animation_for_transient_window;
+
+	if (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation < OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_INVALID)
+		animation = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation;
+
+	if (ps->root_desktop_switch_direction != 0) {
+		if (ps->o.animation_for_workspace_switch_in == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_AUTO)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_IN;
+		else
+			animation = ps->o.animation_for_workspace_switch_in;
+	}
+
+	switch (animation) {
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_AUTO:
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_NONE: { // No animation
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_FLYIN: { // Fly-in from a random point outside the screen
+		// Compute random point off screen
+		double angle = 2 * M_PI * ((double)rand() / RAND_MAX);
+		const double radius =
+		    sqrt(ps->root_width * ps->root_width + ps->root_height * ps->root_height);
+
+		// Set animation
+		w->animation_center_x = ps->root_width * 0.5 + radius * cos(angle);
+		w->animation_center_y = ps->root_height * 0.5 + radius * sin(angle);
+		w->animation_w = 0;
+		w->animation_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_ZOOM: { // Zoom-in the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_w = 0;
+		w->animation_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_UP: { // Slide up the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height;
+		w->animation_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_DOWN: { // Slide down the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y;
+		w->animation_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT: { // Slide left the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_w = 0;
+		w->animation_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT: { // Slide right the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_w = 0;
+		w->animation_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_IN: {
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5 -
+			ps->root_height *
+				((ps->root_desktop_switch_direction < 0 &&
+				 ps->root_desktop_switch_direction >= -1) ||
+				ps->root_desktop_switch_direction > 1?1:-1);
+		w->animation_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_OUT: {
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5 -
+			ps->root_height *
+				((ps->root_desktop_switch_direction < 0 &&
+				 ps->root_desktop_switch_direction >= -1) ||
+				ps->root_desktop_switch_direction > 1?-1:1);
+		w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_INVALID: assert(false); break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void init_animation_unmap(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	enum open_window_animation animation;
+
+	if (ps->o.animation_for_unmap_window == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_AUTO) {
+		animation = ps->o.animation_for_open_window;
+
+		if (w->window_type != WINTYPE_TOOLTIP && w->animation_transient)
+			animation = ps->o.animation_for_transient_window;
+
+		if (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation < OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_INVALID)
+			animation = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation;
+
+		if (animation == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_UP)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_DOWN;
+		else if (animation == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_DOWN)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_UP;
+		else if (animation == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT;
+		else if (animation == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT;
+		else if (animation == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_IN)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_OUT;
+		else if (animation == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_OUT)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_IN;
+
+	} else {
+		animation = ps->o.animation_for_unmap_window;
+
+		if (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation_unmap < OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_INVALID)
+			animation = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation_unmap;
+	}
+
+	if (ps->root_desktop_switch_direction != 0) {
+		if (ps->o.animation_for_workspace_switch_out == OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_AUTO)
+			animation = OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_OUT;
+		else
+			animation = ps->o.animation_for_workspace_switch_out;
+	}
+
+	switch (animation) {
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_AUTO:
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_NONE: { // No animation
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_FLYIN: { // Fly-out from a random point outside the screen
+		// Compute random point off screen
+		double angle = 2 * M_PI * ((double)rand() / RAND_MAX);
+		const double radius =
+		    sqrt(ps->root_width * ps->root_width + ps->root_height * ps->root_height);
+
+		// Set animation
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = ps->root_width * 0.5 + radius * cos(angle);
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = ps->root_height * 0.5 + radius * sin(angle);
+		w->animation_dest_w = 0;
+		w->animation_dest_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_ZOOM: { // Zoom-out the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_w = 0;
+		w->animation_dest_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_UP: { // Slide up the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y;
+		w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_dest_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_DOWN: { // Slide down the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height;
+		w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_dest_h = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT: { // Slide left the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_w = 0;
+		w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT: { // Slide right the image, without changing its location
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_w = 0;
+		w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_IN: {
+		w->animation_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5 -
+			ps->root_height *
+				((ps->root_desktop_switch_direction < 0 &&
+				 ps->root_desktop_switch_direction >= -1) ||
+				ps->root_desktop_switch_direction > 1?1:-1);
+		w->animation_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_SLIDE_OUT: {
+		w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+		w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5 -
+			ps->root_height *
+				((ps->root_desktop_switch_direction < 0 &&
+				 ps->root_desktop_switch_direction >= -1) ||
+				ps->root_desktop_switch_direction > 1?-1:1);
+		w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+		break;
+	}
+	case OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_INVALID: assert(false); break;
+	}
+}
+
+/// Handle non-image flags. This phase might set IMAGES_STALE flags
+void win_process_update_flags(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	// Whether the window was visible before we process the mapped flag. i.e. is the
+	// window just mapped.
+	bool was_visible = win_is_real_visible(w);
+	log_trace("Processing flags for window %#010x (%s), was visible: %d", w->base.id,
+	          w->name, was_visible);
+
+	if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_MAPPED)) {
+		map_win_start(ps, w);
+		win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_MAPPED);
+	}
+
+	if (!win_is_real_visible(w)) {
+		// Flags of invisible windows are processed when they are mapped
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Check client first, because later property updates need accurate client window
+	// information
+	if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_CLIENT_STALE)) {
+		win_recheck_client(ps, w);
+		win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_CLIENT_STALE);
+	}
+
+	bool damaged = false;
+	if (win_check_flags_any(w, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE | WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE)) {
+		if (was_visible) {
+			// Mark the old extents of this window as damaged. The new extents
+			// will be marked damaged below, after the window extents are
+			// updated.
+			//
+			// If the window is just mapped, we don't need to mark the old
+			// extent as damaged. (It's possible that the window was in fading
+			// and is interrupted by being mapped. In that case, the fading
+			// window will be added to damage by map_win_start, so we don't
+			// need to do it here)
+			add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+		}
+
+		// Ignore animations all together if set to none on window type basis
+		if (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation == 0) {
+			w->g = w->pending_g;
+
+		// Update window geometry
+		} else if (ps->o.animations) {
+			if (!was_visible) {
+				// Set window-open animation
+				init_animation(ps, w);
+
+				w->animation_dest_center_x = w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+				w->animation_dest_center_y = w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+				w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+				w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+
+				w->g.x = (int16_t)round(w->animation_center_x -
+										w->animation_w * 0.5);
+				w->g.y = (int16_t)round(w->animation_center_y -
+										w->animation_h * 0.5);
+				w->g.width = (uint16_t)round(w->animation_w);
+				w->g.height = (uint16_t)round(w->animation_h);
+
+			} else {
+				w->animation_dest_center_x =
+				    w->pending_g.x + w->pending_g.width * 0.5;
+				w->animation_dest_center_y =
+				    w->pending_g.y + w->pending_g.height * 0.5;
+				w->animation_dest_w = w->pending_g.width;
+				w->animation_dest_h = w->pending_g.height;
+			}
+
+			w->g.border_width = w->pending_g.border_width;
+
+			double x_dist = w->animation_dest_center_x - w->animation_center_x;
+			double y_dist = w->animation_dest_center_y - w->animation_center_y;
+			double w_dist = w->animation_dest_w - w->animation_w;
+			double h_dist = w->animation_dest_h - w->animation_h;
+			w->animation_inv_og_distance =
+				1.0 / sqrt(x_dist * x_dist + y_dist * y_dist +
+							w_dist * w_dist + h_dist * h_dist);
+
+			if (isinf(w->animation_inv_og_distance))
+				w->animation_inv_og_distance = 0;
+
+			// We only grab images if w->reg_ignore_valid is true as
+			// there's an ev_shape_notify() event fired quickly on new windows
+			// for e.g. in case of Firefox main menu and ev_shape_notify()
+			// sets the win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE); which
+			// brakes the new image captured and because this same event
+			// also sets w->reg_ignore_valid = false; too we check for it
+			if (w->reg_ignore_valid) {
+				if (w->old_win_image) {
+					ps->backend_data->ops->release_image(ps->backend_data,
+														w->old_win_image);
+					w->old_win_image = NULL;
+				}
+
+				// We only grab
+				if (w->win_image) {
+					w->old_win_image = ps->backend_data->ops->clone_image(
+						ps->backend_data, w->win_image, &w->bounding_shape);
+				}
+			}
+
+			w->animation_progress = 0.0;
+
+		} else {
+			w->g = w->pending_g;
+		}
+
+		if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE)) {
+			win_on_win_size_change(ps, w);
+			win_update_bounding_shape(ps, w);
+			damaged = true;
+			win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE);
+		}
+
+		if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE)) {
+			damaged = true;
+			win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE);
+		}
+
+		win_update_screen(ps->xinerama_nscrs, ps->xinerama_scr_regs, w);
+	}
+
+	if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_PROPERTY_STALE)) {
+		win_update_properties(ps, w);
+		win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_PROPERTY_STALE);
+	}
+
+	// Factor change flags could be set by previous stages, so must be handled last
+	if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED)) {
+		win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+		win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED);
+	}
+
+	// Add damage, has to be done last so the window has the latest geometry
+	// information.
+	if (damaged) {
+		add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+	}
+}
+
+void win_process_image_flags(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	assert(!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_MAPPED));
+
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED || w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING ||
+	    w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING) {
+		// Flags of invisible windows are processed when they are mapped
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Not a loop
+	while (win_check_flags_any(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE) &&
+	       !win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGE_ERROR)) {
+		// Image needs to be updated, update it.
+		if (!ps->backend_data) {
+			// We are using legacy backend, nothing to do here.
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_STALE)) {
+			// Check to make sure the window is still mapped, otherwise we
+			// won't be able to rebind pixmap after releasing it, yet we might
+			// still need the pixmap for rendering.
+			assert(w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING);
+			if (!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_NONE)) {
+				// Must release images first, otherwise breaks
+				// NVIDIA driver
+				win_release_pixmap(ps->backend_data, w);
+			}
+			win_bind_pixmap(ps->backend_data, w);
+		}
+
+		if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_STALE)) {
+			if (!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_NONE)) {
+				win_release_shadow(ps->backend_data, w);
+			}
+			if (w->shadow) {
+				win_bind_shadow(ps->backend_data, w,
+				                (struct color){.red = ps->o.shadow_red,
+				                               .green = ps->o.shadow_green,
+				                               .blue = ps->o.shadow_blue,
+				                               .alpha = ps->o.shadow_opacity},
+				                ps->gaussian_map);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// break here, loop always run only once
+		break;
+	}
+
+	// Clear stale image flags
+	if (win_check_flags_any(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE)) {
+		win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a window has rounded corners.
+ * XXX This is really dumb
+ */
+static bool attr_pure win_has_rounded_corners(const struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (!w->bounding_shaped) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Quit if border_size() returns XCB_NONE
+	if (!pixman_region32_not_empty((region_t *)&w->bounding_shape)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Determine the minimum width/height of a rectangle that could mark
+	// a window as having rounded corners
+	auto minwidth =
+	    (uint16_t)max2(w->widthb * (1 - ROUNDED_PERCENT), w->widthb - ROUNDED_PIXELS);
+	auto minheight =
+	    (uint16_t)max2(w->heightb * (1 - ROUNDED_PERCENT), w->heightb - ROUNDED_PIXELS);
+
+	// Get the rectangles in the bounding region
+	int nrects = 0;
+	const rect_t *rects =
+	    pixman_region32_rectangles((region_t *)&w->bounding_shape, &nrects);
+
+	// Look for a rectangle large enough for this window be considered
+	// having rounded corners
+	for (int i = 0; i < nrects; ++i) {
+		if (rects[i].x2 - rects[i].x1 >= minwidth &&
+		    rects[i].y2 - rects[i].y1 >= minheight) {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+int win_update_name(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	char **strlst = NULL;
+	int nstr = 0;
+
+	if (!w->client_win) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!(wid_get_text_prop(ps, w->client_win, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_NAME, &strlst, &nstr))) {
+		log_debug("(%#010x): _NET_WM_NAME unset, falling back to WM_NAME.",
+		          w->client_win);
+
+		if (!wid_get_text_prop(ps, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_NAME, &strlst, &nstr)) {
+			log_debug("Unsetting window name for %#010x", w->client_win);
+			free(w->name);
+			w->name = NULL;
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	int ret = 0;
+	if (!w->name || strcmp(w->name, strlst[0]) != 0) {
+		ret = 1;
+		free(w->name);
+		w->name = strdup(strlst[0]);
+	}
+
+	free(strlst);
+
+	log_debug("(%#010x): client = %#010x, name = \"%s\", "
+	          "ret = %d",
+	          w->base.id, w->client_win, w->name, ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int win_update_role(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	char **strlst = NULL;
+	int nstr = 0;
+
+	if (!wid_get_text_prop(ps, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_WINDOW_ROLE, &strlst, &nstr)) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	int ret = 0;
+	if (!w->role || strcmp(w->role, strlst[0]) != 0) {
+		ret = 1;
+		free(w->role);
+		w->role = strdup(strlst[0]);
+	}
+
+	free(strlst);
+
+	log_trace("(%#010x): client = %#010x, role = \"%s\", "
+	          "ret = %d",
+	          w->base.id, w->client_win, w->role, ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a window is bounding-shaped.
+ */
+static inline bool win_bounding_shaped(const session_t *ps, xcb_window_t wid) {
+	if (ps->shape_exists) {
+		xcb_shape_query_extents_reply_t *reply;
+		Bool bounding_shaped;
+
+		reply = xcb_shape_query_extents_reply(
+		    ps->c, xcb_shape_query_extents(ps->c, wid), NULL);
+		bounding_shaped = reply && reply->bounding_shaped;
+		free(reply);
+
+		return bounding_shaped;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static wintype_t wid_get_prop_wintype(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t wid) {
+	winprop_t prop =
+	    x_get_prop(ps->c, wid, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE, 32L, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32);
+
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < prop.nitems; ++i) {
+		for (wintype_t j = 1; j < NUM_WINTYPES; ++j) {
+			if (ps->atoms_wintypes[j] == (xcb_atom_t)prop.p32[i]) {
+				free_winprop(&prop);
+				return j;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	free_winprop(&prop);
+
+	return WINTYPE_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+static bool
+wid_get_opacity_prop(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t wid, opacity_t def, opacity_t *out) {
+	bool ret = false;
+	*out = def;
+
+	winprop_t prop = x_get_prop(ps->c, wid, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY, 1L,
+	                            XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32);
+
+	if (prop.nitems) {
+		*out = *prop.c32;
+		ret = true;
+	}
+
+	free_winprop(&prop);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// XXX should distinguish between frame has alpha and window body has alpha
+bool win_has_alpha(const struct managed_win *w) {
+	return w->pictfmt && w->pictfmt->type == XCB_RENDER_PICT_TYPE_DIRECT &&
+	       w->pictfmt->direct.alpha_mask;
+}
+
+bool win_client_has_alpha(const struct managed_win *w) {
+	return w->client_pictfmt && w->client_pictfmt->type == XCB_RENDER_PICT_TYPE_DIRECT &&
+	       w->client_pictfmt->direct.alpha_mask;
+}
+
+winmode_t win_calc_mode(const struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (w->opacity < 1.0) {
+		return WMODE_TRANS;
+	}
+
+	if (win_has_alpha(w)) {
+		if (w->client_win == XCB_NONE) {
+			// This is a window not managed by the WM, and it has alpha,
+			// so it's transparent. No need to check WM frame.
+			return WMODE_TRANS;
+		}
+		// The WM window has alpha
+		if (win_client_has_alpha(w)) {
+			// The client window also has alpha, the entire window is
+			// transparent
+			return WMODE_TRANS;
+		}
+		if (win_has_frame(w)) {
+			// The client window doesn't have alpha, but we have a WM frame
+			// window, which has alpha.
+			return WMODE_FRAME_TRANS;
+		}
+		// Although the WM window has alpha, the frame window has 0 size, so
+		// consider the window solid
+	}
+
+	if (w->frame_opacity != 1.0 && win_has_frame(w)) {
+		return WMODE_FRAME_TRANS;
+	}
+
+	// log_trace("Window %#010x(%s) is solid", w->client_win, w->name);
+	return WMODE_SOLID;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate and return the opacity target of a window.
+ *
+ * The priority of opacity settings are:
+ *
+ * inactive_opacity_override (if set, and unfocused) > _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY (if set) >
+ * opacity-rules (if matched) > window type default opacity > active/inactive opacity
+ *
+ * @param ps           current session
+ * @param w            struct _win object representing the window
+ *
+ * @return target opacity
+ */
+double win_calc_opacity_target(session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	double opacity = 1;
+
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+		// be consistent
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING || w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
+		if (ps->root_desktop_switch_direction)
+			return w->opacity;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+	// Try obeying opacity property and window type opacity firstly
+	if (w->has_opacity_prop) {
+		opacity = ((double)w->opacity_prop) / OPAQUE;
+	} else if (w->opacity_is_set) {
+		opacity = w->opacity_set;
+	} else if (!safe_isnan(ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].opacity)) {
+		opacity = ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].opacity;
+	} else {
+		// Respect active_opacity only when the window is physically focused
+		if (win_is_focused_raw(ps, w))
+			opacity = ps->o.active_opacity;
+		else if (!w->focused)
+			// Respect inactive_opacity in some cases
+			opacity = ps->o.inactive_opacity;
+	}
+
+	// respect inactive override
+	if (ps->o.inactive_opacity_override && !w->focused) {
+		opacity = ps->o.inactive_opacity;
+	}
+
+	return opacity;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether a window is to be dimmed.
+ */
+bool win_should_dim(session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	// Make sure we do nothing if the window is unmapped / being destroyed
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (ps->o.inactive_dim > 0 && !(w->focused)) {
+		return true;
+	} else {
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a window should fade on opacity change.
+ */
+bool win_should_fade(session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	// To prevent it from being overwritten by last-paint value if the window is
+	if (w->fade_force != UNSET) {
+		return w->fade_force;
+	}
+	if (ps->o.no_fading_openclose && w->in_openclose) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (ps->o.no_fading_destroyed_argb && w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING &&
+	    win_has_alpha(w) && w->client_win && w->client_win != w->base.id) {
+		// deprecated
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (w->fade_excluded) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].fade;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reread _COMPTON_SHADOW property from a window.
+ *
+ * The property must be set on the outermost window, usually the WM frame.
+ */
+void win_update_prop_shadow_raw(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	winprop_t prop = x_get_prop(ps->c, w->base.id, ps->atoms->a_COMPTON_SHADOW, 1,
+	                            XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32);
+
+	if (!prop.nitems) {
+		w->prop_shadow = -1;
+	} else {
+		w->prop_shadow = *prop.c32;
+	}
+
+	free_winprop(&prop);
+}
+
+static void win_set_shadow(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, bool shadow_new) {
+	if (w->shadow == shadow_new) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	log_debug("Updating shadow property of window %#010x (%s) to %d", w->base.id,
+	          w->name, shadow_new);
+
+	// We don't handle property updates of non-visible windows until they are mapped.
+	assert(w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING &&
+	       w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING);
+
+	// Keep a copy of window extent before the shadow change. Will be used for
+	// calculation of damaged region
+	region_t extents;
+	pixman_region32_init(&extents);
+	win_extents(w, &extents);
+
+	// Apply the shadow change
+	w->shadow = shadow_new;
+
+	if (ps->redirected) {
+		// Add damage for shadow change
+
+		// Window extents need update on shadow state change
+		// Shadow geometry currently doesn't change on shadow state change
+		// calc_shadow_geometry(ps, w);
+
+		// Note: because the release and creation of the shadow images are
+		// delayed. When multiple shadow changes happen in a row, without
+		// rendering phase between them, there could be a stale shadow image
+		// attached to the window even if w->shadow was previously false. And vice
+		// versa. So we check the STALE flag before asserting the existence of the
+		// shadow image.
+		if (w->shadow) {
+			// Mark the new extents as damaged if the shadow is added
+			assert(!w->shadow_image ||
+			       win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_STALE) ||
+			       !ps->o.experimental_backends);
+			pixman_region32_clear(&extents);
+			win_extents(w, &extents);
+			add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+		} else {
+			// Mark the old extents as damaged if the shadow is removed
+			assert(w->shadow_image ||
+			       win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_STALE) ||
+			       !ps->o.experimental_backends);
+			add_damage(ps, &extents);
+		}
+
+		// Delayed update of shadow image
+		// By setting WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_STALE, we ask win_process_flags to
+		// re-create or release the shaodw in based on whether w->shadow is set.
+		win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_STALE);
+
+		// Only set pending_updates if we are redirected. Otherwise change of a
+		// shadow won't have influence on whether we should redirect.
+		ps->pending_updates = true;
+	}
+
+	pixman_region32_fini(&extents);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a window should have shadow, and update things depending
+ * on shadow state.
+ */
+static void win_determine_shadow(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	log_debug("Determining shadow of window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	bool shadow_new = w->shadow;
+
+	if (w->shadow_force != UNSET) {
+		shadow_new = w->shadow_force;
+	} else if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		shadow_new = true;
+		if (!ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].shadow) {
+			log_debug("Shadow disabled by wintypes");
+			shadow_new = false;
+		} else if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.shadow_blacklist, NULL)) {
+			log_debug("Shadow disabled by shadow-exclude");
+			shadow_new = false;
+		} else if (ps->o.shadow_ignore_shaped && w->bounding_shaped &&
+		           !w->rounded_corners) {
+			log_debug("Shadow disabled by shadow-ignore-shaped");
+			shadow_new = false;
+		} else if (w->prop_shadow == 0) {
+			log_debug("Shadow disabled by shadow property");
+			shadow_new = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	win_set_shadow(ps, w, shadow_new);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reread _COMPTON_SHADOW property from a window and update related
+ * things.
+ */
+void win_update_prop_shadow(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	long attr_shadow_old = w->prop_shadow;
+
+	win_update_prop_shadow_raw(ps, w);
+
+	if (w->prop_shadow != attr_shadow_old) {
+		win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
+	}
+}
+
+static void win_determine_clip_shadow_above(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	bool should_crop = (ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].clip_shadow_above ||
+	                    c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.shadow_clip_list, NULL));
+	w->clip_shadow_above = should_crop;
+}
+
+static void win_set_invert_color(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, bool invert_color_new) {
+	if (w->invert_color == invert_color_new) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	w->invert_color = invert_color_new;
+
+	add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a window should have color inverted.
+ */
+static void win_determine_invert_color(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	bool invert_color_new = w->invert_color;
+
+	if (UNSET != w->invert_color_force) {
+		invert_color_new = w->invert_color_force;
+	} else if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		invert_color_new = c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.invert_color_list, NULL);
+	}
+
+	win_set_invert_color(ps, w, invert_color_new);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set w->invert_color_force of a window.
+ */
+void win_set_invert_color_force(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, switch_t val) {
+	if (val != w->invert_color_force) {
+		w->invert_color_force = val;
+		win_determine_invert_color(ps, w);
+		queue_redraw(ps);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set w->fade_force of a window.
+ *
+ * Doesn't affect fading already in progress
+ */
+void win_set_fade_force(struct managed_win *w, switch_t val) {
+	w->fade_force = val;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set w->focused_force of a window.
+ */
+void win_set_focused_force(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, switch_t val) {
+	if (val != w->focused_force) {
+		w->focused_force = val;
+		win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+		queue_redraw(ps);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set w->shadow_force of a window.
+ */
+void win_set_shadow_force(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, switch_t val) {
+	if (val != w->shadow_force) {
+		w->shadow_force = val;
+		win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
+		queue_redraw(ps);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+win_set_blur_background(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, bool blur_background_new) {
+	if (w->blur_background == blur_background_new)
+		return;
+
+	w->blur_background = blur_background_new;
+
+	// This damage might not be absolutely necessary (e.g. when the window is opaque),
+	// but blur_background changes should be rare, so this should be fine.
+	add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a window should have background blurred.
+ */
+static void win_determine_blur_background(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	log_debug("Determining blur-background of window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	bool blur_background_new = ps->o.blur_method != BLUR_METHOD_NONE;
+	if (blur_background_new) {
+		if (!ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].blur_background) {
+			log_debug("Blur background disabled by wintypes");
+			blur_background_new = false;
+		} else if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.blur_background_blacklist, NULL)) {
+			log_debug("Blur background disabled by blur-background-exclude");
+			blur_background_new = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	win_set_blur_background(ps, w, blur_background_new);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a window should have rounded corners.
+ */
+static void win_determine_rounded_corners(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (ps->o.corner_radius == 0) {
+		w->corner_radius = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Don't round full screen windows & excluded windows
+	if ((w && win_is_fullscreen(ps, w)) ||
+	    c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.rounded_corners_blacklist, NULL)) {
+		w->corner_radius = 0;
+		log_debug("Not rounding corners for window %#010x", w->base.id);
+	} else {
+		w->corner_radius = ps->o.corner_radius;
+		log_debug("Rounding corners for window %#010x", w->base.id);
+		// Initialize the border color to an invalid value
+		w->border_col[0] = w->border_col[1] = w->border_col[2] =
+		    w->border_col[3] = -1.0F;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update window opacity according to opacity rules.
+ */
+void win_update_opacity_rule(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	double opacity = 1.0;
+	bool is_set = false;
+	void *val = NULL;
+	if (c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.opacity_rules, &val)) {
+		opacity = ((double)(long)val) / 100.0;
+		is_set = true;
+	}
+
+	w->opacity_set = opacity;
+	w->opacity_is_set = is_set;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Function to be called on window data changes.
+ *
+ * TODO(yshui) need better name
+ */
+void win_on_factor_change(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	log_debug("Window %#010x (%s) factor change", w->base.id, w->name);
+	// Focus needs to be updated first, as other rules might depend on the focused
+	// state of the window
+	win_update_focused(ps, w);
+
+	win_determine_shadow(ps, w);
+	win_determine_clip_shadow_above(ps, w);
+	win_determine_invert_color(ps, w);
+	win_determine_blur_background(ps, w);
+	win_determine_rounded_corners(ps, w);
+	w->mode = win_calc_mode(w);
+	log_debug("Window mode changed to %d", w->mode);
+	win_update_opacity_rule(ps, w);
+	if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		w->paint_excluded = c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.paint_blacklist, NULL);
+	}
+	if (w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		w->unredir_if_possible_excluded =
+		    c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.unredir_if_possible_blacklist, NULL);
+	}
+
+	w->fade_excluded = c2_match(ps, w, ps->o.fade_blacklist, NULL);
+
+	win_update_opacity_target(ps, w);
+
+	w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update cache data in struct _win that depends on window size.
+ */
+void win_on_win_size_change(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	w->widthb = w->g.width + w->g.border_width * 2;
+	w->heightb = w->g.height + w->g.border_width * 2;
+	w->shadow_dx = ps->o.shadow_offset_x;
+	w->shadow_dy = ps->o.shadow_offset_y;
+	w->shadow_width = w->widthb + ps->o.shadow_radius * 2;
+	w->shadow_height = w->heightb + ps->o.shadow_radius * 2;
+
+	// We don't handle property updates of non-visible windows until they are mapped.
+	assert(w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING &&
+	       w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING);
+
+	// Invalidate the shadow we built
+	if (w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING)
+		win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE);
+
+	ps->pending_updates = true;
+	free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update window type.
+ */
+void win_update_wintype(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	const wintype_t wtype_old = w->window_type;
+
+	// Detect window type here
+	w->window_type = wid_get_prop_wintype(ps, w->client_win);
+
+	// Conform to EWMH standard, if _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE is not present, take
+	// override-redirect windows or windows without WM_TRANSIENT_FOR as
+	// _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL, otherwise as _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG.
+	if (WINTYPE_UNKNOWN == w->window_type) {
+		if (w->a.override_redirect ||
+		    !wid_has_prop(ps, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_TRANSIENT_FOR))
+			w->window_type = WINTYPE_NORMAL;
+		else
+			w->window_type = WINTYPE_DIALOG;
+	}
+
+	if (w->window_type != wtype_old) {
+		win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a window as the client window of another.
+ *
+ * @param ps current session
+ * @param w struct _win of the parent window
+ * @param client window ID of the client window
+ */
+void win_mark_client(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, xcb_window_t client) {
+	w->client_win = client;
+
+	// If the window isn't mapped yet, stop here, as the function will be
+	// called in map_win()
+	if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	auto e = xcb_request_check(
+	    ps->c, xcb_change_window_attributes(
+	               ps->c, client, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
+	               (const uint32_t[]){determine_evmask(ps, client, WIN_EVMODE_CLIENT)}));
+	if (e) {
+		log_error("Failed to change event mask of window %#010x", client);
+		free(e);
+	}
+
+	win_update_wintype(ps, w);
+
+	// Get frame widths. The window is in damaged area already.
+	win_update_frame_extents(ps, w, client);
+
+	// Get window group
+	if (ps->o.track_leader) {
+		win_update_leader(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	// Get window name and class if we are tracking them
+	win_update_name(ps, w);
+	win_update_class(ps, w);
+	win_update_role(ps, w);
+
+	// Update everything related to conditions
+	win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+
+	auto r = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(
+	    ps->c, xcb_get_window_attributes(ps->c, w->client_win), &e);
+	if (!r) {
+		log_error_x_error(e, "Failed to get client window attributes");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	w->client_pictfmt = x_get_pictform_for_visual(ps->c, r->visual);
+	free(r);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unmark current client window of a window.
+ *
+ * @param ps current session
+ * @param w struct _win of the parent window
+ */
+void win_unmark_client(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	xcb_window_t client = w->client_win;
+	log_debug("Detaching client window %#010x from frame %#010x (%s)", client,
+	          w->base.id, w->name);
+
+	w->client_win = XCB_NONE;
+
+	// Recheck event mask
+	xcb_change_window_attributes(
+	    ps->c, client, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
+	    (const uint32_t[]){determine_evmask(ps, client, WIN_EVMODE_UNKNOWN)});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Look for the client window of a particular window.
+ */
+static xcb_window_t find_client_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t w) {
+	if (wid_has_prop(ps, w, ps->atoms->aWM_STATE)) {
+		return w;
+	}
+
+	xcb_query_tree_reply_t *reply =
+	    xcb_query_tree_reply(ps->c, xcb_query_tree(ps->c, w), NULL);
+	if (!reply) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	xcb_window_t *children = xcb_query_tree_children(reply);
+	int nchildren = xcb_query_tree_children_length(reply);
+	int i;
+	xcb_window_t ret = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nchildren; ++i) {
+		if ((ret = find_client_win(ps, children[i]))) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(reply);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Recheck client window of a window.
+ *
+ * @param ps current session
+ * @param w struct _win of the parent window
+ */
+void win_recheck_client(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	assert(ps->server_grabbed);
+	// Initialize wmwin to false
+	w->wmwin = false;
+
+	// Look for the client window
+
+	// Always recursively look for a window with WM_STATE, as Fluxbox
+	// sets override-redirect flags on all frame windows.
+	xcb_window_t cw = find_client_win(ps, w->base.id);
+	if (cw) {
+		log_debug("(%#010x): client %#010x", w->base.id, cw);
+	}
+	// Set a window's client window to itself if we couldn't find a
+	// client window
+	if (!cw) {
+		cw = w->base.id;
+		w->wmwin = !w->a.override_redirect;
+		log_debug("(%#010x): client self (%s)", w->base.id,
+		          (w->wmwin ? "wmwin" : "override-redirected"));
+	}
+
+	// Unmark the old one
+	if (w->client_win && w->client_win != cw) {
+		win_unmark_client(ps, w);
+	}
+
+	// Mark the new one
+	win_mark_client(ps, w, cw);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free all resources in a <code>struct _win</code>.
+ */
+void free_win_res(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	// No need to call backend release_image here because
+	// finish_unmap_win should've done that for us.
+	// XXX unless we are called by session_destroy
+	// assert(w->win_data == NULL);
+	free_win_res_glx(ps, w);
+	free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
+	free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
+	// Above should be done during unmapping
+	// Except when we are called by session_destroy
+
+	pixman_region32_fini(&w->bounding_shape);
+	// BadDamage may be thrown if the window is destroyed
+	set_ignore_cookie(ps, xcb_damage_destroy(ps->c, w->damage));
+	rc_region_unref(&w->reg_ignore);
+	free(w->name);
+	free(w->class_instance);
+	free(w->class_general);
+	free(w->role);
+
+	free(w->stale_props);
+	w->stale_props = NULL;
+	w->stale_props_capacity = 0;
+}
+
+/// Insert a new window after list_node `prev`
+/// New window will be in unmapped state
+static struct win *add_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, struct list_node *prev) {
+	log_debug("Adding window %#010x", id);
+	struct win *old_w = NULL;
+	HASH_FIND_INT(ps->windows, &id, old_w);
+	assert(old_w == NULL);
+
+	auto new_w = cmalloc(struct win);
+	list_insert_after(prev, &new_w->stack_neighbour);
+	new_w->id = id;
+	new_w->managed = false;
+	new_w->is_new = true;
+	new_w->destroyed = false;
+
+	HASH_ADD_INT(ps->windows, id, new_w);
+	ps->pending_updates = true;
+	return new_w;
+}
+
+/// Insert a new win entry at the top of the stack
+struct win *add_win_top(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
+	return add_win(ps, id, &ps->window_stack);
+}
+
+/// Insert a new window above window with id `below`, if there is no window, add to top
+/// New window will be in unmapped state
+struct win *add_win_above(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id, xcb_window_t below) {
+	struct win *w = NULL;
+	HASH_FIND_INT(ps->windows, &below, w);
+	if (!w) {
+		if (!list_is_empty(&ps->window_stack)) {
+			// `below` window is not found even if the window stack is not
+			// empty
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		return add_win_top(ps, id);
+	} else {
+		// we found something from the hash table, so if the stack is empty,
+		// we are in an inconsistent state.
+		assert(!list_is_empty(&ps->window_stack));
+		return add_win(ps, id, w->stack_neighbour.prev);
+	}
+}
+
+/// Query the Xorg for information about window `win`
+/// `win` pointer might become invalid after this function returns
+/// Returns the pointer to the window, might be different from `w`
+struct win *fill_win(session_t *ps, struct win *w) {
+	static const struct managed_win win_def = {
+	    // No need to initialize. (or, you can think that
+	    // they are initialized right here).
+	    // The following ones are updated during paint or paint preprocess
+	    .shadow_opacity = 0.0,
+	    .to_paint = false,
+	    .frame_opacity = 1.0,
+	    .dim = false,
+	    .invert_color = false,
+	    .blur_background = false,
+	    .reg_ignore = NULL,
+	    // The following ones are updated for other reasons
+	    .pixmap_damaged = false,         // updated by damage events
+	    .state = WSTATE_UNMAPPED,        // updated by window state changes
+	    .in_openclose = true,            // set to false after first map is done,
+	                                     // true here because window is just created
+	    .animation_velocity_x = 0.0,             // updated by window geometry changes
+	    .animation_velocity_y = 0.0,             // updated by window geometry changes
+	    .animation_velocity_w = 0.0,             // updated by window geometry changes
+	    .animation_velocity_h = 0.0,             // updated by window geometry changes
+	    .animation_progress = 1.0,               // updated by window geometry changes
+	    .animation_inv_og_distance = NAN,        // updated by window geometry changes
+	    .reg_ignore_valid = false,               // set to true when damaged
+	    .flags = WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_NONE,          // updated by property/attributes/etc
+	                                             // change
+	    .stale_props = NULL,
+	    .stale_props_capacity = 0,
+
+	    // Runtime variables, updated by dbus
+	    .fade_force = UNSET,
+	    .shadow_force = UNSET,
+	    .focused_force = UNSET,
+	    .invert_color_force = UNSET,
+
+	    // Initialized in this function
+	    .a = {0},
+	    .pictfmt = NULL,
+	    .client_pictfmt = NULL,
+	    .widthb = 0,
+	    .heightb = 0,
+	    .shadow_dx = 0,
+	    .shadow_dy = 0,
+	    .shadow_width = 0,
+	    .shadow_height = 0,
+	    .damage = XCB_NONE,
+
+	    // Not initialized until mapped, this variables
+	    // have no meaning or have no use until the window
+	    // is mapped
+	    .win_image = NULL,
+	    .old_win_image = NULL,
+	    .shadow_image = NULL,
+	    .prev_trans = NULL,
+	    .shadow = false,
+	    .clip_shadow_above = false,
+	    .xinerama_scr = -1,
+	    .mode = WMODE_TRANS,
+	    .ever_damaged = false,
+	    .client_win = XCB_NONE,
+	    .leader = XCB_NONE,
+	    .cache_leader = XCB_NONE,
+	    .window_type = WINTYPE_UNKNOWN,
+	    .wmwin = false,
+	    .focused = false,
+	    .opacity = 0,
+	    .opacity_target = 0,
+	    .has_opacity_prop = false,
+	    .opacity_prop = OPAQUE,
+	    .opacity_is_set = false,
+	    .opacity_set = 1,
+	    .frame_extents = MARGIN_INIT,        // in win_mark_client
+	    .bounding_shaped = false,
+	    .bounding_shape = {0},
+	    .rounded_corners = false,
+	    .paint_excluded = false,
+	    .fade_excluded = false,
+	    .unredir_if_possible_excluded = false,
+	    .prop_shadow = -1,
+	    // following 4 are set in win_mark_client
+	    .name = NULL,
+	    .class_instance = NULL,
+	    .class_general = NULL,
+	    .role = NULL,
+
+	    // Initialized during paint
+	    .paint = PAINT_INIT,
+	    .shadow_paint = PAINT_INIT,
+
+	    .corner_radius = 0,
+	};
+
+	assert(!w->destroyed);
+	assert(w->is_new);
+
+	w->is_new = false;
+
+	// Reject overlay window and already added windows
+	if (w->id == ps->overlay) {
+		return w;
+	}
+
+	auto duplicated_win = find_managed_win(ps, w->id);
+	if (duplicated_win) {
+		log_debug("Window %#010x (recorded name: %s) added multiple times", w->id,
+		          duplicated_win->name);
+		return &duplicated_win->base;
+	}
+
+	log_debug("Managing window %#010x", w->id);
+	xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t acookie = xcb_get_window_attributes(ps->c, w->id);
+	xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *a =
+	    xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(ps->c, acookie, NULL);
+	if (!a || a->map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_UNVIEWABLE) {
+		// Failed to get window attributes or geometry probably means
+		// the window is gone already. Unviewable means the window is
+		// already reparented elsewhere.
+		// BTW, we don't care about Input Only windows, except for stacking
+		// proposes, so we need to keep track of them still.
+		free(a);
+		return w;
+	}
+
+	if (a->_class == XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_ONLY) {
+		// No need to manage this window, but we still keep it on the window stack
+		w->managed = false;
+		free(a);
+		return w;
+	}
+
+	// Allocate and initialize the new win structure
+	auto new_internal = cmalloc(struct managed_win_internal);
+	auto new = (struct managed_win *)new_internal;
+
+	// Fill structure
+	// We only need to initialize the part that are not initialized
+	// by map_win
+	*new = win_def;
+	new->base = *w;
+	new->base.managed = true;
+	new->a = *a;
+	pixman_region32_init(&new->bounding_shape);
+
+	free(a);
+
+	xcb_generic_error_t *e;
+	auto g = xcb_get_geometry_reply(ps->c, xcb_get_geometry(ps->c, w->id), &e);
+	if (!g) {
+		log_error_x_error(e, "Failed to get geometry of window %#010x", w->id);
+		free(e);
+		free(new);
+		return w;
+	}
+	new->pending_g = (struct win_geometry){
+	    .x = g->x,
+	    .y = g->y,
+	    .width = g->width,
+	    .height = g->height,
+	    .border_width = g->border_width,
+	};
+
+	free(g);
+
+	// Create Damage for window (if not Input Only)
+	new->damage = x_new_id(ps->c);
+	e = xcb_request_check(
+	    ps->c, xcb_damage_create_checked(ps->c, new->damage, w->id,
+	                                     XCB_DAMAGE_REPORT_LEVEL_NON_EMPTY));
+	if (e) {
+		log_error_x_error(e, "Failed to create damage");
+		free(e);
+		free(new);
+		return w;
+	}
+
+	// Set window event mask
+	xcb_change_window_attributes(
+	    ps->c, new->base.id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
+	    (const uint32_t[]){determine_evmask(ps, new->base.id, WIN_EVMODE_FRAME)});
+
+	// Get notification when the shape of a window changes
+	if (ps->shape_exists) {
+		xcb_shape_select_input(ps->c, new->base.id, 1);
+	}
+
+	new->pictfmt = x_get_pictform_for_visual(ps->c, new->a.visual);
+	new->client_pictfmt = NULL;
+
+	list_replace(&w->stack_neighbour, &new->base.stack_neighbour);
+	struct win *replaced = NULL;
+	HASH_REPLACE_INT(ps->windows, id, &new->base, replaced);
+	assert(replaced == w);
+	free(w);
+
+	// Set all the stale flags on this new window, so it's properties will get updated
+	// when it's mapped
+	win_set_flags(new, WIN_FLAGS_CLIENT_STALE | WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE |
+	                       WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE | WIN_FLAGS_PROPERTY_STALE |
+	                       WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED);
+	xcb_atom_t init_stale_props[] = {
+	    ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY,
+	    ps->atoms->a_NET_FRAME_EXTENTS,  ps->atoms->aWM_NAME,
+	    ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_NAME,        ps->atoms->aWM_CLASS,
+	    ps->atoms->aWM_WINDOW_ROLE,      ps->atoms->a_COMPTON_SHADOW,
+	    ps->atoms->aWM_CLIENT_LEADER,    ps->atoms->aWM_TRANSIENT_FOR,
+	};
+	win_set_properties_stale(new, init_stale_props, ARR_SIZE(init_stale_props));
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+	// Send D-Bus signal
+	if (ps->o.dbus) {
+		cdbus_ev_win_added(ps, &new->base);
+	}
+#endif
+	return &new->base;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set leader of a window.
+ */
+static inline void win_set_leader(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, xcb_window_t nleader) {
+	// If the leader changes
+	if (w->leader != nleader) {
+		xcb_window_t cache_leader_old = win_get_leader(ps, w);
+
+		w->leader = nleader;
+
+		// Forcefully do this to deal with the case when a child window
+		// gets mapped before parent, or when the window is a waypoint
+		clear_cache_win_leaders(ps);
+
+		// Update the old and new window group and active_leader if the window
+		// could affect their state.
+		xcb_window_t cache_leader = win_get_leader(ps, w);
+		if (win_is_focused_raw(ps, w) && cache_leader_old != cache_leader) {
+			ps->active_leader = cache_leader;
+
+			group_on_factor_change(ps, cache_leader_old);
+			group_on_factor_change(ps, cache_leader);
+		}
+
+		// Update everything related to conditions
+		win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update leader of a window.
+ */
+void win_update_leader(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	xcb_window_t leader = XCB_NONE;
+
+	// Read the leader properties
+	if (ps->o.detect_transient && !leader) {
+		leader =
+		    wid_get_prop_window(ps->c, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_TRANSIENT_FOR);
+	}
+
+	if (ps->o.detect_client_leader && !leader) {
+		leader =
+		    wid_get_prop_window(ps->c, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_CLIENT_LEADER);
+	}
+
+	win_set_leader(ps, w, leader);
+
+	log_trace("(%#010x): client %#010x, leader %#010x, cache %#010x", w->base.id,
+	          w->client_win, w->leader, win_get_leader(ps, w));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Internal function of win_get_leader().
+ */
+static xcb_window_t win_get_leader_raw(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, int recursions) {
+	// Rebuild the cache if needed
+	if (!w->cache_leader && (w->client_win || w->leader)) {
+		// Leader defaults to client window
+		if (!(w->cache_leader = w->leader))
+			w->cache_leader = w->client_win;
+
+		// If the leader of this window isn't itself, look for its ancestors
+		if (w->cache_leader && w->cache_leader != w->client_win) {
+			auto wp = find_toplevel(ps, w->cache_leader);
+			if (wp) {
+				// Dead loop?
+				if (recursions > WIN_GET_LEADER_MAX_RECURSION)
+					return XCB_NONE;
+
+				w->cache_leader = win_get_leader_raw(ps, wp, recursions + 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return w->cache_leader;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the <code>WM_CLASS</code> of a window and update its
+ * <code>win</code> structure.
+ */
+bool win_update_class(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	char **strlst = NULL;
+	int nstr = 0;
+
+	// Can't do anything if there's no client window
+	if (!w->client_win)
+		return false;
+
+	// Free and reset old strings
+	free(w->class_instance);
+	free(w->class_general);
+	w->class_instance = NULL;
+	w->class_general = NULL;
+
+	// Retrieve the property string list
+	if (!wid_get_text_prop(ps, w->client_win, ps->atoms->aWM_CLASS, &strlst, &nstr)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Copy the strings if successful
+	w->class_instance = strdup(strlst[0]);
+
+	if (nstr > 1) {
+		w->class_general = strdup(strlst[1]);
+	}
+
+	free(strlst);
+
+	log_trace("(%#010x): client = %#010x, "
+	          "instance = \"%s\", general = \"%s\"",
+	          w->base.id, w->client_win, w->class_instance, w->class_general);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle window focus change.
+ */
+static void win_on_focus_change(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	// If window grouping detection is enabled
+	if (ps->o.track_leader) {
+		xcb_window_t leader = win_get_leader(ps, w);
+
+		// If the window gets focused, replace the old active_leader
+		if (win_is_focused_raw(ps, w) && leader != ps->active_leader) {
+			xcb_window_t active_leader_old = ps->active_leader;
+
+			ps->active_leader = leader;
+
+			group_on_factor_change(ps, active_leader_old);
+			group_on_factor_change(ps, leader);
+		}
+		// If the group get unfocused, remove it from active_leader
+		else if (!win_is_focused_raw(ps, w) && leader &&
+		         leader == ps->active_leader && !group_is_focused(ps, leader)) {
+			ps->active_leader = XCB_NONE;
+			group_on_factor_change(ps, leader);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Update everything related to conditions
+	win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+	// Send D-Bus signal
+	if (ps->o.dbus) {
+		if (win_is_focused_raw(ps, w)) {
+			cdbus_ev_win_focusin(ps, &w->base);
+		} else {
+			cdbus_ev_win_focusout(ps, &w->base);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set real focused state of a window.
+ */
+void win_set_focused(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	// Unmapped windows will have their focused state reset on map
+	if (w->a.map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (win_is_focused_raw(ps, w)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	auto old_active_win = ps->active_win;
+	ps->active_win = w;
+	assert(win_is_focused_raw(ps, w));
+
+	if (old_active_win) {
+		win_on_focus_change(ps, old_active_win);
+	}
+	win_on_focus_change(ps, w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a rectangular region a window (and possibly its shadow) occupies.
+ *
+ * Note w->shadow and shadow geometry must be correct before calling this
+ * function.
+ */
+void win_extents(const struct managed_win *w, region_t *res) {
+	pixman_region32_clear(res);
+	pixman_region32_union_rect(res, res, w->g.x, w->g.y, (uint)w->widthb, (uint)w->heightb);
+
+	if (w->shadow) {
+		assert(w->shadow_width >= 0 && w->shadow_height >= 0);
+		pixman_region32_union_rect(res, res, w->g.x + w->shadow_dx,
+		                           w->g.y + w->shadow_dy, (uint)w->shadow_width,
+		                           (uint)w->shadow_height);
+	}
+}
+
+gen_by_val(win_extents);
+
+/**
+ * Update the out-dated bounding shape of a window.
+ *
+ * Mark the window shape as updated
+ */
+void win_update_bounding_shape(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (ps->shape_exists) {
+		w->bounding_shaped = win_bounding_shaped(ps, w->base.id);
+	}
+
+	// We don't handle property updates of non-visible windows until they are mapped.
+	assert(w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED && w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING &&
+	       w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING);
+
+	pixman_region32_clear(&w->bounding_shape);
+	// Start with the window rectangular region
+	win_get_region_local(w, &w->bounding_shape);
+
+	// Only request for a bounding region if the window is shaped
+	// (while loop is used to avoid goto, not an actual loop)
+	while (w->bounding_shaped) {
+		/*
+		 * if window doesn't exist anymore,  this will generate an error
+		 * as well as not generate a region.
+		 */
+
+		xcb_shape_get_rectangles_reply_t *r = xcb_shape_get_rectangles_reply(
+		    ps->c,
+		    xcb_shape_get_rectangles(ps->c, w->base.id, XCB_SHAPE_SK_BOUNDING), NULL);
+
+		if (!r) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		xcb_rectangle_t *xrects = xcb_shape_get_rectangles_rectangles(r);
+		int nrects = xcb_shape_get_rectangles_rectangles_length(r);
+		rect_t *rects = from_x_rects(nrects, xrects);
+		free(r);
+
+		region_t br;
+		pixman_region32_init_rects(&br, rects, nrects);
+		free(rects);
+
+		// Add border width because we are using a different origin.
+		// X thinks the top left of the inner window is the origin
+		// (for the bounding shape, althought xcb_get_geometry thinks
+		//  the outer top left (outer means outside of the window
+		//  border) is the origin),
+		// We think the top left of the border is the origin
+		pixman_region32_translate(&br, w->g.border_width, w->g.border_width);
+
+		// Intersect the bounding region we got with the window rectangle, to
+		// make sure the bounding region is not bigger than the window
+		// rectangle
+		pixman_region32_intersect(&w->bounding_shape, &w->bounding_shape, &br);
+		pixman_region32_fini(&br);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (w->bounding_shaped && ps->o.detect_rounded_corners) {
+		w->rounded_corners = win_has_rounded_corners(w);
+	}
+
+	// Window shape changed, we should free old wpaint and shadow pict
+	// log_trace("free out dated pict");
+	win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE);
+	ps->pending_updates = true;
+
+	free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
+	free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
+
+	win_on_factor_change(ps, w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reread opacity property of a window.
+ */
+void win_update_opacity_prop(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	// get frame opacity first
+	w->has_opacity_prop = wid_get_opacity_prop(ps, w->base.id, OPAQUE, &w->opacity_prop);
+
+	if (w->has_opacity_prop) {
+		// opacity found
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (ps->o.detect_client_opacity && w->client_win && w->base.id == w->client_win) {
+		// checking client opacity not allowed
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// get client opacity
+	w->has_opacity_prop =
+	    wid_get_opacity_prop(ps, w->client_win, OPAQUE, &w->opacity_prop);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve frame extents from a window.
+ */
+void win_update_frame_extents(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w, xcb_window_t client) {
+	winprop_t prop = x_get_prop(ps->c, client, ps->atoms->a_NET_FRAME_EXTENTS, 4L,
+	                            XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32);
+
+	if (prop.nitems == 4) {
+		int extents[4];
+		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+			if (prop.c32[i] > (uint32_t)INT_MAX) {
+				log_warn("Your window manager sets a absurd "
+				         "_NET_FRAME_EXTENTS value (%u), ignoring it.",
+				         prop.c32[i]);
+				memset(extents, 0, sizeof(extents));
+				break;
+			}
+			extents[i] = (int)prop.c32[i];
+		}
+
+		const bool changed = w->frame_extents.left != extents[0] ||
+		                     w->frame_extents.right != extents[1] ||
+		                     w->frame_extents.top != extents[2] ||
+		                     w->frame_extents.bottom != extents[3];
+		w->frame_extents.left = extents[0];
+		w->frame_extents.right = extents[1];
+		w->frame_extents.top = extents[2];
+		w->frame_extents.bottom = extents[3];
+
+		// If frame_opacity != 1, then frame of this window
+		// is not included in reg_ignore of underneath windows
+		if (ps->o.frame_opacity == 1 && changed) {
+			w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	log_trace("(%#010x): %d, %d, %d, %d", w->base.id, w->frame_extents.left,
+	          w->frame_extents.right, w->frame_extents.top, w->frame_extents.bottom);
+
+	free_winprop(&prop);
+}
+
+bool win_is_region_ignore_valid(session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	win_stack_foreach_managed(i, &ps->window_stack) {
+		if (i == w) {
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!i->reg_ignore_valid) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stop listening for events on a particular window.
+ */
+void win_ev_stop(session_t *ps, const struct win *w) {
+	xcb_change_window_attributes(ps->c, w->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, (const uint32_t[]){0});
+
+	if (!w->managed) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+	if (mw->client_win) {
+		xcb_change_window_attributes(ps->c, mw->client_win, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
+		                             (const uint32_t[]){0});
+	}
+
+	if (ps->shape_exists) {
+		xcb_shape_select_input(ps->c, w->id, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+/// Finish the unmapping of a window (e.g. after fading has finished).
+/// Doesn't free `w`
+static void unmap_win_finish(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+	w->state = WSTATE_UNMAPPED;
+
+	// We are in unmap_win, this window definitely was viewable
+	if (ps->backend_data) {
+		// Only the pixmap needs to be freed and reacquired when mapping.
+		// Shadow image can be preserved.
+		if (!win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_NONE)) {
+			win_release_pixmap(ps->backend_data, w);
+			win_release_oldpixmap(ps->backend_data, w);
+		}
+	} else {
+		assert(!w->win_image);
+		assert(!w->old_win_image);
+		assert(!w->shadow_image);
+	}
+
+	// Force animation to completed position
+	w->animation_velocity_x = 0;
+	w->animation_velocity_y = 0;
+	w->animation_velocity_w = 0;
+	w->animation_velocity_h = 0;
+	w->animation_progress = 1.0;
+
+	free_paint(ps, &w->paint);
+	free_paint(ps, &w->shadow_paint);
+
+	// Try again at binding images when the window is mapped next time
+	win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGE_ERROR);
+
+	// Flag window so that it gets animated when it reapears 
+	// in case it wasn't destroyed
+	win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE);
+	win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE);
+}
+
+/// Finish the destruction of a window (e.g. after fading has finished).
+/// Frees `w`
+static void destroy_win_finish(session_t *ps, struct win *w) {
+	log_trace("Trying to finish destroying (%#010x)", w->id);
+
+	auto next_w = win_stack_find_next_managed(ps, &w->stack_neighbour);
+	list_remove(&w->stack_neighbour);
+
+	if (w->managed) {
+		auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+
+		if (mw->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+			// Only UNMAPPED state has window resources freed, otherwise
+			// we need to call unmap_win_finish to free them.
+			// XXX actually we unmap_win_finish only frees the rendering
+			//     resources, we still need to call free_win_res. will fix
+			//     later.
+			unmap_win_finish(ps, mw);
+		}
+
+		// Unmapping preserves the shadow image, so free it here
+		if (!win_check_flags_all(mw, WIN_FLAGS_SHADOW_NONE)) {
+			assert(mw->shadow_image != NULL);
+			win_release_shadow(ps->backend_data, mw);
+		}
+
+		// Invalidate reg_ignore of windows below this one
+		// TODO(yshui) what if next_w is not mapped??
+		/* TODO(yshui) seriously figure out how reg_ignore behaves.
+		 * I think if `w` is unmapped, and destroyed after
+		 * paint happened at least once, w->reg_ignore_valid would
+		 * be true, and there is no need to invalid w->next->reg_ignore
+		 * when w is destroyed. */
+		if (next_w) {
+			rc_region_unref(&next_w->reg_ignore);
+			next_w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+		}
+
+		if (mw == ps->active_win) {
+			// Usually, the window cannot be the focused at destruction.
+			// FocusOut should be generated before the window is destroyed. We
+			// do this check just to be completely sure we don't have dangling
+			// references.
+			log_debug("window %#010x (%s) is destroyed while being focused",
+			          w->id, mw->name);
+			ps->active_win = NULL;
+		}
+
+		free_win_res(ps, mw);
+
+		// Drop w from all prev_trans to avoid accessing freed memory in
+		// repair_win()
+		// TODO(yshui) there can only be one prev_trans pointing to w
+		win_stack_foreach_managed(w2, &ps->window_stack) {
+			if (mw == w2->prev_trans) {
+				w2->prev_trans = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(w);
+}
+
+static void map_win_finish(struct managed_win *w) {
+	w->in_openclose = false;
+	w->state = WSTATE_MAPPED;
+}
+
+/// Move window `w` so it's before `next` in the list
+static inline void restack_win(session_t *ps, struct win *w, struct list_node *next) {
+	struct managed_win *mw = NULL;
+	if (w->managed) {
+		mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+	}
+
+	if (mw) {
+		// This invalidates all reg_ignore below the new stack position of `w`
+		mw->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+		rc_region_unref(&mw->reg_ignore);
+
+		// This invalidates all reg_ignore below the old stack position of `w`
+		auto next_w = win_stack_find_next_managed(ps, &w->stack_neighbour);
+		if (next_w) {
+			next_w->reg_ignore_valid = false;
+			rc_region_unref(&next_w->reg_ignore);
+		}
+	}
+
+	list_move_before(&w->stack_neighbour, next);
+
+	// add damage for this window
+	if (mw) {
+		add_damage_from_win(ps, mw);
+	}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_RESTACK
+	log_trace("Window stack modified. Current stack:");
+	for (auto c = ps->list; c; c = c->next) {
+		const char *desc = "";
+		if (c->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING) {
+			desc = "(D) ";
+		}
+		log_trace("%#010x \"%s\" %s", c->id, c->name, desc);
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Move window `w` so it's right above `below`
+void restack_above(session_t *ps, struct win *w, xcb_window_t below) {
+	xcb_window_t old_below;
+
+	if (!list_node_is_last(&ps->window_stack, &w->stack_neighbour)) {
+		old_below = list_next_entry(w, stack_neighbour)->id;
+	} else {
+		old_below = XCB_NONE;
+	}
+	log_debug("Restack %#010x (%s), old_below: %#010x, new_below: %#010x", w->id,
+	          win_get_name_if_managed(w), old_below, below);
+
+	if (old_below != below) {
+		struct list_node *new_next;
+		if (!below) {
+			new_next = &ps->window_stack;
+		} else {
+			struct win *tmp_w = NULL;
+			HASH_FIND_INT(ps->windows, &below, tmp_w);
+
+			if (!tmp_w) {
+				log_error("Failed to found new below window %#010x.", below);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			new_next = &tmp_w->stack_neighbour;
+		}
+		restack_win(ps, w, new_next);
+	}
+}
+
+void restack_bottom(session_t *ps, struct win *w) {
+	restack_above(ps, w, 0);
+}
+
+void restack_top(session_t *ps, struct win *w) {
+	log_debug("Restack %#010x (%s) to top", w->id, win_get_name_if_managed(w));
+	if (&w->stack_neighbour == ps->window_stack.next) {
+		// already at top
+		return;
+	}
+	restack_win(ps, w, ps->window_stack.next);
+}
+
+/// Start destroying a window. Windows cannot always be destroyed immediately
+/// because of fading and such.
+///
+/// @return whether the window has finished destroying and is freed
+bool destroy_win_start(session_t *ps, struct win *w) {
+	auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+	assert(w);
+
+	log_debug("Destroying %#010x \"%s\", managed = %d", w->id,
+	          (w->managed ? mw->name : NULL), w->managed);
+
+	// Delete destroyed window from the hash table, even though the window might still
+	// be rendered for a while. We need to make sure future window with the same
+	// window id won't confuse us. Keep the window in the window stack if it's managed
+	// and mapped, since we might still need to render it (e.g. fading out). Window
+	// will be removed from the stack when it finishes destroying.
+	HASH_DEL(ps->windows, w);
+
+	if (!w->managed || mw->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+		// Window is already unmapped, or is an unmanged window, just destroy it
+		destroy_win_finish(ps, w);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (w->managed) {
+		// Clear IMAGES_STALE flags since the window is destroyed: Clear
+		// PIXMAP_STALE as there is no pixmap available anymore, so STALE doesn't
+		// make sense.
+		// XXX Clear SHADOW_STALE as setting/clearing flags on a destroyed window
+		// doesn't work leading to an inconsistent state where the shadow is
+		// refreshed but the flags are stuck in STALE.
+		// Do this before changing the window state to destroying
+		win_clear_flags(mw, WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE);
+
+		// If size/shape/position information is stale, win_process_update_flags
+		// will update them and add the new window extents to damage. Since the
+		// window has been destroyed, we cannot get the complete information at
+		// this point, so we just add what we currently have to the damage.
+		if (win_check_flags_any(mw, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE | WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE)) {
+			add_damage_from_win(ps, mw);
+		}
+
+		// Clear some flags about stale window information. Because now the window
+		// is destroyed, we can't update them anyway.
+		win_clear_flags(mw, WIN_FLAGS_SIZE_STALE | WIN_FLAGS_POSITION_STALE |
+		                        WIN_FLAGS_PROPERTY_STALE |
+		                        WIN_FLAGS_FACTOR_CHANGED | WIN_FLAGS_CLIENT_STALE);
+
+		// Update state flags of a managed window
+		mw->state = WSTATE_DESTROYING;
+		mw->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED;
+		mw->in_openclose = true;
+	}
+
+	// don't need win_ev_stop because the window is gone anyway
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+	// Send D-Bus signal
+	if (ps->o.dbus) {
+		cdbus_ev_win_destroyed(ps, w);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (!ps->redirected) {
+		// Skip transition if we are not rendering
+		return win_skip_fading(ps, mw);
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+void unmap_win_start(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	assert(w);
+	assert(w->base.managed);
+	assert(w->a._class != XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_ONLY);
+
+	log_debug("Unmapping %#010x \"%s\"", w->base.id, w->name);
+
+	if (unlikely(w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING)) {
+		log_warn("Trying to undestroy a window?");
+		assert(false);
+	}
+
+	bool was_damaged = w->ever_damaged;
+	w->ever_damaged = false;
+
+	if (unlikely(w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED)) {
+		if (win_check_flags_all(w, WIN_FLAGS_MAPPED)) {
+			// Clear the pending map as this window is now unmapped
+			win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_MAPPED);
+		} else {
+			log_warn("Trying to unmapping an already unmapped window %#010x "
+			         "\"%s\"",
+			         w->base.id, w->name);
+			assert(false);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Note we don't update focused window here. This will either be
+	// triggered by subsequence Focus{In, Out} event, or by recheck_focus
+
+	w->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_UNMAPPED;
+	w->state = WSTATE_UNMAPPING;
+	w->opacity_target_old = fmax(w->opacity_target, w->opacity_target_old);
+	w->opacity_target = win_calc_opacity_target(ps, w);
+
+	if (ps->o.animations &&
+		ps->o.animation_for_unmap_window != OPEN_WINDOW_ANIMATION_NONE &&
+		ps->o.wintype_option[w->window_type].animation != 0) 
+	{
+		init_animation_unmap(ps, w);
+
+		double x_dist = w->animation_dest_center_x - w->animation_center_x;
+		double y_dist = w->animation_dest_center_y - w->animation_center_y;
+		double w_dist = w->animation_dest_w - w->animation_w;
+		double h_dist = w->animation_dest_h - w->animation_h;
+		w->animation_inv_og_distance =
+			1.0 / sqrt(x_dist * x_dist + y_dist * y_dist +
+						w_dist * w_dist + h_dist * h_dist);
+
+		if (isinf(w->animation_inv_og_distance))
+			w->animation_inv_og_distance = 0;
+
+		w->animation_progress = 0.0;
+
+		if (w->old_win_image) {
+			ps->backend_data->ops->release_image(ps->backend_data,
+												w->old_win_image);
+			w->old_win_image = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+	// Send D-Bus signal
+	if (ps->o.dbus) {
+		cdbus_ev_win_unmapped(ps, &w->base);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (!ps->redirected || !was_damaged) {
+		// If we are not redirected, we skip fading because we aren't rendering
+		// anything anyway.
+		// If the window wasn't ever damaged, it shouldn't be painted either. But
+		// a fading out window is always painted, so we have to skip fading here.
+		CHECK(!win_skip_fading(ps, w));
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Execute fade callback of a window if fading finished.
+ *
+ * @return whether the window is destroyed and freed
+ */
+bool win_check_fade_finished(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+		// No fading in progress
+		assert(w->opacity_target == w->opacity);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (w->opacity == w->opacity_target) {
+		switch (w->state) {
+		case WSTATE_UNMAPPING: unmap_win_finish(ps, w); return false;
+		case WSTATE_DESTROYING: destroy_win_finish(ps, &w->base); return true;
+		case WSTATE_MAPPING: map_win_finish(w); return false;
+		case WSTATE_FADING: w->state = WSTATE_MAPPED; break;
+		default: unreachable;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/// Skip the current in progress fading of window,
+/// transition the window straight to its end state
+///
+/// @return whether the window is destroyed and freed
+bool win_skip_fading(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED) {
+		assert(w->opacity_target == w->opacity);
+		return false;
+	}
+	log_debug("Skipping fading process of window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+	w->opacity = w->opacity_target;
+
+	if (w->animation_progress < 1) {
+		w->animation_progress = 1;
+		w->g.x = w->pending_g.x;
+		w->g.y = w->pending_g.y;
+		w->g.width = w->pending_g.width;
+		w->g.height = w->pending_g.height;
+	}
+
+	return win_check_fade_finished(ps, w);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the Xinerama screen a window is on.
+ *
+ * Return an index >= 0, or -1 if not found.
+ *
+ * TODO(yshui) move to x.c
+ * TODO(yshui) use xrandr
+ */
+void win_update_screen(int nscreens, region_t *screens, struct managed_win *w) {
+	w->xinerama_scr = -1;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < nscreens; i++) {
+		auto e = pixman_region32_extents(&screens[i]);
+		if (e->x1 <= w->g.x && e->y1 <= w->g.y && e->x2 >= w->g.x + w->widthb &&
+		    e->y2 >= w->g.y + w->heightb) {
+			w->xinerama_scr = i;
+			log_debug("Window %#010x (%s), %dx%d+%dx%d, is on screen %d "
+			          "(%dx%d+%dx%d)",
+			          w->base.id, w->name, w->g.x, w->g.y, w->widthb, w->heightb,
+			          i, e->x1, e->y1, e->x2 - e->x1, e->y2 - e->y1);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	log_debug("Window %#010x (%s), %dx%d+%dx%d, is not contained by any screen",
+	          w->base.id, w->name, w->g.x, w->g.y, w->g.width, w->g.height);
+}
+
+/// Map an already registered window
+void map_win_start(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	assert(ps->server_grabbed);
+	assert(w);
+
+	// Don't care about window mapping if it's an InputOnly window
+	// Also, try avoiding mapping a window twice
+	if (w->a._class == XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_ONLY) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	log_debug("Mapping (%#010x \"%s\")", w->base.id, w->name);
+
+	assert(w->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING);
+	if (w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPED && w->state != WSTATE_UNMAPPING) {
+		log_warn("Mapping an already mapped window");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING) {
+		CHECK(!win_skip_fading(ps, w));
+		// We skipped the unmapping process, the window was rendered, now it is
+		// not anymore. So we need to mark the then unmapping window as damaged.
+		//
+		// Solves problem when, for example, a window is unmapped then mapped in a
+		// different location
+		add_damage_from_win(ps, w);
+		assert(w);
+	}
+
+	assert(w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPED);
+
+	// Rant: window size could change after we queried its geometry here and before
+	// we get its pixmap. Later, when we get back to the event processing loop, we
+	// will get the notification about size change from Xserver and try to refresh the
+	// pixmap, while the pixmap is actually already up-to-date (i.e. the notification
+	// is stale). There is basically no real way to prevent this, aside from grabbing
+	// the server.
+
+	// XXX Can we assume map_state is always viewable?
+	w->a.map_state = XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE;
+
+	// Update window mode here to check for ARGB windows
+	w->mode = win_calc_mode(w);
+
+	log_debug("Window (%#010x) has type %s", w->base.id, WINTYPES[w->window_type]);
+
+	// XXX We need to make sure that win_data is available
+	// iff `state` is MAPPED
+	w->state = WSTATE_MAPPING;
+	w->opacity_target_old = 0;
+	w->opacity_target = win_calc_opacity_target(ps, w);
+
+	log_debug("Window %#010x has opacity %f, opacity target is %f", w->base.id,
+	          w->opacity, w->opacity_target);
+
+	// Cannot set w->ever_damaged = false here, since window mapping could be
+	// delayed, so a damage event might have already arrived before this function
+	// is called. But this should be unnecessary in the first place, since
+	// ever_damaged is set to false in unmap_win_finish anyway.
+
+	// Sets the WIN_FLAGS_IMAGES_STALE flag so later in the critical section
+	// the window's image will be bound
+
+	win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_PIXMAP_STALE);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS
+	// Send D-Bus signal
+	if (ps->o.dbus) {
+		cdbus_ev_win_mapped(ps, &w->base);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (!ps->redirected) {
+		CHECK(!win_skip_fading(ps, w));
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update target window opacity depending on the current state.
+ */
+void win_update_opacity_target(session_t *ps, struct managed_win *w) {
+	auto opacity_target_old = w->opacity_target;
+	w->opacity_target = win_calc_opacity_target(ps, w);
+
+	if (opacity_target_old == w->opacity_target) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED) {
+		// Opacity target changed while MAPPED. Transition to FADING.
+		assert(w->opacity == opacity_target_old);
+		w->opacity_target_old = opacity_target_old;
+		w->state = WSTATE_FADING;
+		log_debug("Window %#010x (%s) opacity %f, opacity target %f, set "
+		          "old target %f",
+		          w->base.id, w->name, w->opacity, w->opacity_target,
+		          w->opacity_target_old);
+	} else if (w->state == WSTATE_MAPPING) {
+		// Opacity target changed while fading in.
+		if (w->opacity >= w->opacity_target) {
+			// Already reached new target opacity. Transition to
+			// FADING.
+			map_win_finish(w);
+			w->opacity_target_old = fmax(opacity_target_old, w->opacity);
+			w->state = WSTATE_FADING;
+			log_debug("Window %#010x (%s) opacity %f already reached "
+			          "new opacity target %f while mapping, set old "
+			          "target %f",
+			          w->base.id, w->name, w->opacity, w->opacity_target,
+			          w->opacity_target_old);
+		}
+	} else if (w->state == WSTATE_FADING) {
+		// Opacity target changed while FADING.
+		if ((w->opacity < opacity_target_old && w->opacity > w->opacity_target) ||
+		    (w->opacity > opacity_target_old && w->opacity < w->opacity_target)) {
+			// Changed while fading in and will fade out or while
+			// fading out and will fade in.
+			w->opacity_target_old = opacity_target_old;
+			log_debug("Window %#010x (%s) opacity %f already reached "
+			          "new opacity target %f while fading, set "
+			          "old target %f",
+			          w->base.id, w->name, w->opacity, w->opacity_target,
+			          w->opacity_target_old);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!ps->redirected) {
+		CHECK(!win_skip_fading(ps, w));
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a managed window from window id in window linked list of the session.
+ */
+struct win *find_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
+	if (!id) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct win *w = NULL;
+	HASH_FIND_INT(ps->windows, &id, w);
+	assert(w == NULL || !w->destroyed);
+	return w;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a managed window from window id in window linked list of the session.
+ */
+struct managed_win *find_managed_win(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
+	struct win *w = find_win(ps, id);
+	if (!w || !w->managed) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+	assert(mw->state != WSTATE_DESTROYING);
+	return mw;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find out the WM frame of a client window using existing data.
+ *
+ * @param id window ID
+ * @return struct win object of the found window, NULL if not found
+ */
+struct managed_win *find_toplevel(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t id) {
+	if (!id) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	HASH_ITER2(ps->windows, w) {
+		assert(!w->destroyed);
+		if (!w->managed) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		auto mw = (struct managed_win *)w;
+		if (mw->client_win == id) {
+			return mw;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a managed window that is, or is a parent of `wid`.
+ *
+ * @param ps current session
+ * @param wid window ID
+ * @return struct _win object of the found window, NULL if not found
+ */
+struct managed_win *find_managed_window_or_parent(session_t *ps, xcb_window_t wid) {
+	// TODO(yshui) this should probably be an "update tree", then find_toplevel.
+	// current approach is a bit more "racy", as the server state might be ahead of
+	// our state
+	struct win *w = NULL;
+
+	// We traverse through its ancestors to find out the frame
+	// Using find_win here because if we found a unmanaged window we know about, we
+	// can stop early.
+	while (wid && wid != ps->root && !(w = find_win(ps, wid))) {
+		// xcb_query_tree probably fails if you run picom when X is somehow
+		// initializing (like add it in .xinitrc). In this case
+		// just leave it alone.
+		auto reply = xcb_query_tree_reply(ps->c, xcb_query_tree(ps->c, wid), NULL);
+		if (reply == NULL) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		wid = reply->parent;
+		free(reply);
+	}
+
+	if (w == NULL || !w->managed) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (struct managed_win *)w;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a rectangle includes the whole screen.
+ */
+static inline bool rect_is_fullscreen(const session_t *ps, int x, int y, int wid, int hei) {
+	return (x <= 0 && y <= 0 && (x + wid) >= ps->root_width && (y + hei) >= ps->root_height);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a window is fulscreen using EWMH
+ *
+ * TODO(yshui) cache this property
+ */
+static inline bool
+win_is_fullscreen_xcb(xcb_connection_t *c, const struct atom *a, const xcb_window_t w) {
+	xcb_get_property_cookie_t prop =
+	    xcb_get_property(c, 0, w, a->a_NET_WM_STATE, XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 0, 12);
+	xcb_get_property_reply_t *reply = xcb_get_property_reply(c, prop, NULL);
+	if (!reply) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (reply->length) {
+		xcb_atom_t *val = xcb_get_property_value(reply);
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < reply->length; i++) {
+			if (val[i] != a->a_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			free(reply);
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	free(reply);
+	return false;
+}
+
+/// Set flags on a window. Some sanity checks are performed
+void win_set_flags(struct managed_win *w, uint64_t flags) {
+	log_debug("Set flags %" PRIu64 " to window %#010x (%s)", flags, w->base.id, w->name);
+	if (unlikely(w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING)) {
+		log_error("Flags set on a destroyed window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id, w->name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	w->flags |= flags;
+}
+
+/// Clear flags on a window. Some sanity checks are performed
+void win_clear_flags(struct managed_win *w, uint64_t flags) {
+	log_debug("Clear flags %" PRIu64 " from window %#010x (%s)", flags, w->base.id,
+	          w->name);
+	if (unlikely(w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING)) {
+		log_warn("Flags cleared on a destroyed window %#010x (%s)", w->base.id,
+		         w->name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	w->flags = w->flags & (~flags);
+}
+
+void win_set_properties_stale(struct managed_win *w, const xcb_atom_t *props, int nprops) {
+	const auto bits_per_element = sizeof(*w->stale_props) * 8;
+	size_t new_capacity = w->stale_props_capacity;
+
+	// Calculate the new capacity of the properties array
+	for (int i = 0; i < nprops; i++) {
+		if (props[i] >= new_capacity * bits_per_element) {
+			new_capacity = props[i] / bits_per_element + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reallocate if necessary
+	if (new_capacity > w->stale_props_capacity) {
+		w->stale_props =
+		    realloc(w->stale_props, new_capacity * sizeof(*w->stale_props));
+
+		// Clear the content of the newly allocated bytes
+		memset(w->stale_props + w->stale_props_capacity, 0,
+		       (new_capacity - w->stale_props_capacity) * sizeof(*w->stale_props));
+		w->stale_props_capacity = new_capacity;
+	}
+
+	// Set the property bits
+	for (int i = 0; i < nprops; i++) {
+		w->stale_props[props[i] / bits_per_element] |=
+		    1UL << (props[i] % bits_per_element);
+	}
+	win_set_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_PROPERTY_STALE);
+}
+
+static void win_clear_all_properties_stale(struct managed_win *w) {
+	memset(w->stale_props, 0, w->stale_props_capacity * sizeof(*w->stale_props));
+	win_clear_flags(w, WIN_FLAGS_PROPERTY_STALE);
+}
+
+static bool win_fetch_and_unset_property_stale(struct managed_win *w, xcb_atom_t prop) {
+	const auto bits_per_element = sizeof(*w->stale_props) * 8;
+	if (prop >= w->stale_props_capacity * bits_per_element) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const auto mask = 1UL << (prop % bits_per_element);
+	bool ret = w->stale_props[prop / bits_per_element] & mask;
+	w->stale_props[prop / bits_per_element] &= ~mask;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+bool win_check_flags_any(struct managed_win *w, uint64_t flags) {
+	return (w->flags & flags) != 0;
+}
+
+bool win_check_flags_all(struct managed_win *w, uint64_t flags) {
+	return (w->flags & flags) == flags;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a window is a fullscreen window.
+ *
+ * It's not using w->border_size for performance measures.
+ */
+bool win_is_fullscreen(const session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	if (!ps->o.no_ewmh_fullscreen &&
+	    win_is_fullscreen_xcb(ps->c, ps->atoms, w->client_win)) {
+		return true;
+	}
+	return rect_is_fullscreen(ps, w->g.x, w->g.y, w->widthb, w->heightb) &&
+	       (!w->bounding_shaped || w->rounded_corners);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a window has BYPASS_COMPOSITOR property set
+ *
+ * TODO(yshui) cache this property
+ */
+bool win_is_bypassing_compositor(const session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	auto prop = x_get_prop(ps->c, w->client_win, ps->atoms->a_NET_WM_BYPASS_COMPOSITOR,
+	                       1L, XCB_ATOM_CARDINAL, 32);
+
+	if (prop.nitems && *prop.c32 == 1) {
+		ret = true;
+	}
+
+	free_winprop(&prop);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a window is focused, without using any focus rules or forced focus settings
+ */
+bool win_is_focused_raw(const session_t *ps, const struct managed_win *w) {
+	return w->a.map_state == XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE && ps->active_win == w;
+}
+
+// Find the managed window immediately below `i` in the window stack
+struct managed_win *
+win_stack_find_next_managed(const session_t *ps, const struct list_node *i) {
+	while (!list_node_is_last(&ps->window_stack, i)) {
+		auto next = list_entry(i->next, struct win, stack_neighbour);
+		if (next->managed) {
+			return (struct managed_win *)next;
+		}
+		i = &next->stack_neighbour;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/// Return whether this window is mapped on the X server side
+bool win_is_mapped_in_x(const struct managed_win *w) {
+	return w->state == WSTATE_MAPPING || w->state == WSTATE_FADING ||
+	       w->state == WSTATE_MAPPED || w->state == WSTATE_UNMAPPING ||
+	       w->state == WSTATE_DESTROYING || (w->flags & WIN_FLAGS_MAPPED);
+}