aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/ctr-std/src/ffi/c_str.rs
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'ctr-std/src/ffi/c_str.rs')
-rw-r--r--ctr-std/src/ffi/c_str.rs849
1 files changed, 849 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/ctr-std/src/ffi/c_str.rs b/ctr-std/src/ffi/c_str.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad40660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ctr-std/src/ffi/c_str.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,849 @@
+// Copyright 2012 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+use ascii;
+use borrow::{Cow, Borrow};
+use cmp::Ordering;
+use error::Error;
+use fmt::{self, Write};
+use io;
+use libc::{self, c_char};
+use mem;
+use memchr;
+use ops;
+use ptr;
+use slice;
+use str::{self, Utf8Error};
+
+/// A type representing an owned C-compatible string
+///
+/// This type serves the primary purpose of being able to safely generate a
+/// C-compatible string from a Rust byte slice or vector. An instance of this
+/// type is a static guarantee that the underlying bytes contain no interior 0
+/// bytes and the final byte is 0.
+///
+/// A `CString` is created from either a byte slice or a byte vector. After
+/// being created, a `CString` predominately inherits all of its methods from
+/// the `Deref` implementation to `[c_char]`. Note that the underlying array
+/// is represented as an array of `c_char` as opposed to `u8`. A `u8` slice
+/// can be obtained with the `as_bytes` method. Slices produced from a `CString`
+/// do *not* contain the trailing nul terminator unless otherwise specified.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # fn main() {
+/// use std::ffi::CString;
+/// use std::os::raw::c_char;
+///
+/// extern {
+/// fn my_printer(s: *const c_char);
+/// }
+///
+/// let c_to_print = CString::new("Hello, world!").unwrap();
+/// unsafe {
+/// my_printer(c_to_print.as_ptr());
+/// }
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// `CString` is intended for working with traditional C-style strings
+/// (a sequence of non-null bytes terminated by a single null byte); the
+/// primary use case for these kinds of strings is interoperating with C-like
+/// code. Often you will need to transfer ownership to/from that external
+/// code. It is strongly recommended that you thoroughly read through the
+/// documentation of `CString` before use, as improper ownership management
+/// of `CString` instances can lead to invalid memory accesses, memory leaks,
+/// and other memory errors.
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash, Clone)]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub struct CString {
+ // Invariant 1: the slice ends with a zero byte and has a length of at least one.
+ // Invariant 2: the slice contains only one zero byte.
+ // Improper usage of unsafe function can break Invariant 2, but not Invariant 1.
+ inner: Box<[u8]>,
+}
+
+/// Representation of a borrowed C string.
+///
+/// This dynamically sized type is only safely constructed via a borrowed
+/// version of an instance of `CString`. This type can be constructed from a raw
+/// C string as well and represents a C string borrowed from another location.
+///
+/// Note that this structure is **not** `repr(C)` and is not recommended to be
+/// placed in the signatures of FFI functions. Instead safe wrappers of FFI
+/// functions may leverage the unsafe `from_ptr` constructor to provide a safe
+/// interface to other consumers.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Inspecting a foreign C string
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::ffi::CStr;
+/// use std::os::raw::c_char;
+///
+/// extern { fn my_string() -> *const c_char; }
+///
+/// unsafe {
+/// let slice = CStr::from_ptr(my_string());
+/// println!("string length: {}", slice.to_bytes().len());
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Passing a Rust-originating C string
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};
+/// use std::os::raw::c_char;
+///
+/// fn work(data: &CStr) {
+/// extern { fn work_with(data: *const c_char); }
+///
+/// unsafe { work_with(data.as_ptr()) }
+/// }
+///
+/// let s = CString::new("data data data data").unwrap();
+/// work(&s);
+/// ```
+///
+/// Converting a foreign C string into a Rust `String`
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::ffi::CStr;
+/// use std::os::raw::c_char;
+///
+/// extern { fn my_string() -> *const c_char; }
+///
+/// fn my_string_safe() -> String {
+/// unsafe {
+/// CStr::from_ptr(my_string()).to_string_lossy().into_owned()
+/// }
+/// }
+///
+/// println!("string: {}", my_string_safe());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Hash)]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub struct CStr {
+ // FIXME: this should not be represented with a DST slice but rather with
+ // just a raw `c_char` along with some form of marker to make
+ // this an unsized type. Essentially `sizeof(&CStr)` should be the
+ // same as `sizeof(&c_char)` but `CStr` should be an unsized type.
+ inner: [c_char]
+}
+
+/// An error returned from `CString::new` to indicate that a nul byte was found
+/// in the vector provided.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub struct NulError(usize, Vec<u8>);
+
+/// An error returned from `CStr::from_bytes_with_nul` to indicate that a nul
+/// byte was found too early in the slice provided or one wasn't found at all.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "cstr_from_bytes", since = "1.10.0")]
+pub struct FromBytesWithNulError { _a: () }
+
+/// An error returned from `CString::into_string` to indicate that a UTF-8 error
+/// was encountered during the conversion.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+pub struct IntoStringError {
+ inner: CString,
+ error: Utf8Error,
+}
+
+impl CString {
+ /// Creates a new C-compatible string from a container of bytes.
+ ///
+ /// This method will consume the provided data and use the underlying bytes
+ /// to construct a new string, ensuring that there is a trailing 0 byte.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::ffi::CString;
+ /// use std::os::raw::c_char;
+ ///
+ /// extern { fn puts(s: *const c_char); }
+ ///
+ /// let to_print = CString::new("Hello!").unwrap();
+ /// unsafe {
+ /// puts(to_print.as_ptr());
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// # Errors
+ ///
+ /// This function will return an error if the bytes yielded contain an
+ /// internal 0 byte. The error returned will contain the bytes as well as
+ /// the position of the nul byte.
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn new<T: Into<Vec<u8>>>(t: T) -> Result<CString, NulError> {
+ Self::_new(t.into())
+ }
+
+ fn _new(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<CString, NulError> {
+ match memchr::memchr(0, &bytes) {
+ Some(i) => Err(NulError(i, bytes)),
+ None => Ok(unsafe { CString::from_vec_unchecked(bytes) }),
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Creates a C-compatible string from a byte vector without checking for
+ /// interior 0 bytes.
+ ///
+ /// This method is equivalent to `new` except that no runtime assertion
+ /// is made that `v` contains no 0 bytes, and it requires an actual
+ /// byte vector, not anything that can be converted to one with Into.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::CString;
+ ///
+ /// let raw = b"foo".to_vec();
+ /// unsafe {
+ /// let c_string = CString::from_vec_unchecked(raw);
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub unsafe fn from_vec_unchecked(mut v: Vec<u8>) -> CString {
+ v.reserve_exact(1);
+ v.push(0);
+ CString { inner: v.into_boxed_slice() }
+ }
+
+ /// Retakes ownership of a `CString` that was transferred to C.
+ ///
+ /// Additionally, the length of the string will be recalculated from the pointer.
+ ///
+ /// # Safety
+ ///
+ /// This should only ever be called with a pointer that was earlier
+ /// obtained by calling `into_raw` on a `CString`. Other usage (e.g. trying to take
+ /// ownership of a string that was allocated by foreign code) is likely to lead
+ /// to undefined behavior or allocator corruption.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstr_memory", since = "1.4.0")]
+ pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *mut c_char) -> CString {
+ let len = libc::strlen(ptr) + 1; // Including the NUL byte
+ let slice = slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len as usize);
+ CString { inner: mem::transmute(slice) }
+ }
+
+ /// Transfers ownership of the string to a C caller.
+ ///
+ /// The pointer must be returned to Rust and reconstituted using
+ /// `from_raw` to be properly deallocated. Specifically, one
+ /// should *not* use the standard C `free` function to deallocate
+ /// this string.
+ ///
+ /// Failure to call `from_raw` will lead to a memory leak.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstr_memory", since = "1.4.0")]
+ pub fn into_raw(self) -> *mut c_char {
+ Box::into_raw(self.into_inner()) as *mut c_char
+ }
+
+ /// Converts the `CString` into a `String` if it contains valid Unicode data.
+ ///
+ /// On failure, ownership of the original `CString` is returned.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+ pub fn into_string(self) -> Result<String, IntoStringError> {
+ String::from_utf8(self.into_bytes())
+ .map_err(|e| IntoStringError {
+ error: e.utf8_error(),
+ inner: unsafe { CString::from_vec_unchecked(e.into_bytes()) },
+ })
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the underlying byte buffer.
+ ///
+ /// The returned buffer does **not** contain the trailing nul separator and
+ /// it is guaranteed to not have any interior nul bytes.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+ pub fn into_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+ let mut vec = self.into_inner().into_vec();
+ let _nul = vec.pop();
+ debug_assert_eq!(_nul, Some(0u8));
+ vec
+ }
+
+ /// Equivalent to the `into_bytes` function except that the returned vector
+ /// includes the trailing nul byte.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+ pub fn into_bytes_with_nul(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+ self.into_inner().into_vec()
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the contents of this `CString` as a slice of bytes.
+ ///
+ /// The returned slice does **not** contain the trailing nul separator and
+ /// it is guaranteed to not have any interior nul bytes.
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+ &self.inner[..self.inner.len() - 1]
+ }
+
+ /// Equivalent to the `as_bytes` function except that the returned slice
+ /// includes the trailing nul byte.
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn as_bytes_with_nul(&self) -> &[u8] {
+ &self.inner
+ }
+
+ // Bypass "move out of struct which implements `Drop` trait" restriction.
+ fn into_inner(self) -> Box<[u8]> {
+ unsafe {
+ let result = ptr::read(&self.inner);
+ mem::forget(self);
+ result
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// Turns this `CString` into an empty string to prevent
+// memory unsafe code from working by accident. Inline
+// to prevent LLVM from optimizing it away in debug builds.
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_drop", since = "1.13.0")]
+impl Drop for CString {
+ #[inline]
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ unsafe { *self.inner.get_unchecked_mut(0) = 0; }
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl ops::Deref for CString {
+ type Target = CStr;
+
+ fn deref(&self) -> &CStr {
+ unsafe { mem::transmute(self.as_bytes_with_nul()) }
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl fmt::Debug for CString {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ fmt::Debug::fmt(&**self, f)
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl From<CString> for Vec<u8> {
+ fn from(s: CString) -> Vec<u8> {
+ s.into_bytes()
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstr_debug", since = "1.3.0")]
+impl fmt::Debug for CStr {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(f, "\"")?;
+ for byte in self.to_bytes().iter().flat_map(|&b| ascii::escape_default(b)) {
+ f.write_char(byte as char)?;
+ }
+ write!(f, "\"")
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstr_default", since = "1.10.0")]
+impl<'a> Default for &'a CStr {
+ fn default() -> &'a CStr {
+ static SLICE: &'static [c_char] = &[0];
+ unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(SLICE.as_ptr()) }
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstr_default", since = "1.10.0")]
+impl Default for CString {
+ /// Creates an empty `CString`.
+ fn default() -> CString {
+ let a: &CStr = Default::default();
+ a.to_owned()
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstr_borrow", since = "1.3.0")]
+impl Borrow<CStr> for CString {
+ fn borrow(&self) -> &CStr { self }
+}
+
+impl NulError {
+ /// Returns the position of the nul byte in the slice that was provided to
+ /// `CString::new`.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::CString;
+ ///
+ /// let nul_error = CString::new("foo\0bar").unwrap_err();
+ /// assert_eq!(nul_error.nul_position(), 3);
+ ///
+ /// let nul_error = CString::new("foo bar\0").unwrap_err();
+ /// assert_eq!(nul_error.nul_position(), 7);
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn nul_position(&self) -> usize { self.0 }
+
+ /// Consumes this error, returning the underlying vector of bytes which
+ /// generated the error in the first place.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::CString;
+ ///
+ /// let nul_error = CString::new("foo\0bar").unwrap_err();
+ /// assert_eq!(nul_error.into_vec(), b"foo\0bar");
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> { self.1 }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl Error for NulError {
+ fn description(&self) -> &str { "nul byte found in data" }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl fmt::Display for NulError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(f, "nul byte found in provided data at position: {}", self.0)
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl From<NulError> for io::Error {
+ fn from(_: NulError) -> io::Error {
+ io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+ "data provided contains a nul byte")
+ }
+}
+
+impl IntoStringError {
+ /// Consumes this error, returning original `CString` which generated the
+ /// error.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+ pub fn into_cstring(self) -> CString {
+ self.inner
+ }
+
+ /// Access the underlying UTF-8 error that was the cause of this error.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+ pub fn utf8_error(&self) -> Utf8Error {
+ self.error
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl Error for IntoStringError {
+ fn description(&self) -> &str {
+ "C string contained non-utf8 bytes"
+ }
+
+ fn cause(&self) -> Option<&Error> {
+ Some(&self.error)
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_into", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl fmt::Display for IntoStringError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ self.description().fmt(f)
+ }
+}
+
+impl CStr {
+ /// Casts a raw C string to a safe C string wrapper.
+ ///
+ /// This function will cast the provided `ptr` to the `CStr` wrapper which
+ /// allows inspection and interoperation of non-owned C strings. This method
+ /// is unsafe for a number of reasons:
+ ///
+ /// * There is no guarantee to the validity of `ptr`
+ /// * The returned lifetime is not guaranteed to be the actual lifetime of
+ /// `ptr`
+ /// * There is no guarantee that the memory pointed to by `ptr` contains a
+ /// valid nul terminator byte at the end of the string.
+ ///
+ /// > **Note**: This operation is intended to be a 0-cost cast but it is
+ /// > currently implemented with an up-front calculation of the length of
+ /// > the string. This is not guaranteed to always be the case.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// # fn main() {
+ /// use std::ffi::CStr;
+ /// use std::os::raw::c_char;
+ ///
+ /// extern {
+ /// fn my_string() -> *const c_char;
+ /// }
+ ///
+ /// unsafe {
+ /// let slice = CStr::from_ptr(my_string());
+ /// println!("string returned: {}", slice.to_str().unwrap());
+ /// }
+ /// # }
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub unsafe fn from_ptr<'a>(ptr: *const c_char) -> &'a CStr {
+ let len = libc::strlen(ptr);
+ mem::transmute(slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len as usize + 1))
+ }
+
+ /// Creates a C string wrapper from a byte slice.
+ ///
+ /// This function will cast the provided `bytes` to a `CStr` wrapper after
+ /// ensuring that it is null terminated and does not contain any interior
+ /// nul bytes.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::CStr;
+ ///
+ /// let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"hello\0");
+ /// assert!(cstr.is_ok());
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "cstr_from_bytes", since = "1.10.0")]
+ pub fn from_bytes_with_nul(bytes: &[u8])
+ -> Result<&CStr, FromBytesWithNulError> {
+ if bytes.is_empty() || memchr::memchr(0, &bytes) != Some(bytes.len() - 1) {
+ Err(FromBytesWithNulError { _a: () })
+ } else {
+ Ok(unsafe { Self::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(bytes) })
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Unsafely creates a C string wrapper from a byte slice.
+ ///
+ /// This function will cast the provided `bytes` to a `CStr` wrapper without
+ /// performing any sanity checks. The provided slice must be null terminated
+ /// and not contain any interior nul bytes.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
+ ///
+ /// unsafe {
+ /// let cstring = CString::new("hello").unwrap();
+ /// let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(cstring.to_bytes_with_nul());
+ /// assert_eq!(cstr, &*cstring);
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "cstr_from_bytes", since = "1.10.0")]
+ pub unsafe fn from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(bytes: &[u8]) -> &CStr {
+ mem::transmute(bytes)
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the inner pointer to this C string.
+ ///
+ /// The returned pointer will be valid for as long as `self` is and points
+ /// to a contiguous region of memory terminated with a 0 byte to represent
+ /// the end of the string.
+ ///
+ /// **WARNING**
+ ///
+ /// It is your responsibility to make sure that the underlying memory is not
+ /// freed too early. For example, the following code will cause undefined
+ /// behaviour when `ptr` is used inside the `unsafe` block:
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::ffi::{CString};
+ ///
+ /// let ptr = CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr();
+ /// unsafe {
+ /// // `ptr` is dangling
+ /// *ptr;
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// This happens because the pointer returned by `as_ptr` does not carry any
+ /// lifetime information and the string is deallocated immediately after
+ /// the `CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr()` expression is evaluated.
+ /// To fix the problem, bind the string to a local variable:
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::ffi::{CString};
+ ///
+ /// let hello = CString::new("Hello").unwrap();
+ /// let ptr = hello.as_ptr();
+ /// unsafe {
+ /// // `ptr` is valid because `hello` is in scope
+ /// *ptr;
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const c_char {
+ self.inner.as_ptr()
+ }
+
+ /// Converts this C string to a byte slice.
+ ///
+ /// This function will calculate the length of this string (which normally
+ /// requires a linear amount of work to be done) and then return the
+ /// resulting slice of `u8` elements.
+ ///
+ /// The returned slice will **not** contain the trailing nul that this C
+ /// string has.
+ ///
+ /// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented as a 0-cost cast, but
+ /// > it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the
+ /// > length calculation whenever this method is called.
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+ let bytes = self.to_bytes_with_nul();
+ &bytes[..bytes.len() - 1]
+ }
+
+ /// Converts this C string to a byte slice containing the trailing 0 byte.
+ ///
+ /// This function is the equivalent of `to_bytes` except that it will retain
+ /// the trailing nul instead of chopping it off.
+ ///
+ /// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented as a 0-cost cast, but
+ /// > it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the
+ /// > length calculation whenever this method is called.
+ #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+ pub fn to_bytes_with_nul(&self) -> &[u8] {
+ unsafe { mem::transmute(&self.inner) }
+ }
+
+ /// Yields a `&str` slice if the `CStr` contains valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// This function will calculate the length of this string and check for
+ /// UTF-8 validity, and then return the `&str` if it's valid.
+ ///
+ /// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented to check for validity
+ /// > after a 0-cost cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the
+ /// > future to perform the length calculation in addition to the UTF-8
+ /// > check whenever this method is called.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstr_to_str", since = "1.4.0")]
+ pub fn to_str(&self) -> Result<&str, str::Utf8Error> {
+ // NB: When CStr is changed to perform the length check in .to_bytes()
+ // instead of in from_ptr(), it may be worth considering if this should
+ // be rewritten to do the UTF-8 check inline with the length calculation
+ // instead of doing it afterwards.
+ str::from_utf8(self.to_bytes())
+ }
+
+ /// Converts a `CStr` into a `Cow<str>`.
+ ///
+ /// This function will calculate the length of this string (which normally
+ /// requires a linear amount of work to be done) and then return the
+ /// resulting slice as a `Cow<str>`, replacing any invalid UTF-8 sequences
+ /// with `U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER`.
+ ///
+ /// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented to check for validity
+ /// > after a 0-cost cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the
+ /// > future to perform the length calculation in addition to the UTF-8
+ /// > check whenever this method is called.
+ #[stable(feature = "cstr_to_str", since = "1.4.0")]
+ pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<str> {
+ String::from_utf8_lossy(self.to_bytes())
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl PartialEq for CStr {
+ fn eq(&self, other: &CStr) -> bool {
+ self.to_bytes().eq(other.to_bytes())
+ }
+}
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl Eq for CStr {}
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl PartialOrd for CStr {
+ fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &CStr) -> Option<Ordering> {
+ self.to_bytes().partial_cmp(&other.to_bytes())
+ }
+}
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+impl Ord for CStr {
+ fn cmp(&self, other: &CStr) -> Ordering {
+ self.to_bytes().cmp(&other.to_bytes())
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstr_borrow", since = "1.3.0")]
+impl ToOwned for CStr {
+ type Owned = CString;
+
+ fn to_owned(&self) -> CString {
+ unsafe { CString::from_vec_unchecked(self.to_bytes().to_vec()) }
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_asref", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for CString {
+ fn from(s: &'a CStr) -> CString {
+ s.to_owned()
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_asref", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFull> for CString {
+ type Output = CStr;
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn index(&self, _index: ops::RangeFull) -> &CStr {
+ self
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_asref", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl AsRef<CStr> for CStr {
+ fn as_ref(&self) -> &CStr {
+ self
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "cstring_asref", since = "1.7.0")]
+impl AsRef<CStr> for CString {
+ fn as_ref(&self) -> &CStr {
+ self
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+ use os::raw::c_char;
+ use borrow::Cow::{Borrowed, Owned};
+ use hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+ use collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn c_to_rust() {
+ let data = b"123\0";
+ let ptr = data.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
+ unsafe {
+ assert_eq!(CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_bytes(), b"123");
+ assert_eq!(CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_bytes_with_nul(), b"123\0");
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn simple() {
+ let s = CString::new("1234").unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(s.as_bytes(), b"1234");
+ assert_eq!(s.as_bytes_with_nul(), b"1234\0");
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn build_with_zero1() {
+ assert!(CString::new(&b"\0"[..]).is_err());
+ }
+ #[test]
+ fn build_with_zero2() {
+ assert!(CString::new(vec![0]).is_err());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn build_with_zero3() {
+ unsafe {
+ let s = CString::from_vec_unchecked(vec![0]);
+ assert_eq!(s.as_bytes(), b"\0");
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn formatted() {
+ let s = CString::new(&b"abc\x01\x02\n\xE2\x80\xA6\xFF"[..]).unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", s), r#""abc\x01\x02\n\xe2\x80\xa6\xff""#);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn borrowed() {
+ unsafe {
+ let s = CStr::from_ptr(b"12\0".as_ptr() as *const _);
+ assert_eq!(s.to_bytes(), b"12");
+ assert_eq!(s.to_bytes_with_nul(), b"12\0");
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn to_str() {
+ let data = b"123\xE2\x80\xA6\0";
+ let ptr = data.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
+ unsafe {
+ assert_eq!(CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_str(), Ok("123…"));
+ assert_eq!(CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy(), Borrowed("123…"));
+ }
+ let data = b"123\xE2\0";
+ let ptr = data.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
+ unsafe {
+ assert!(CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_str().is_err());
+ assert_eq!(CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy(), Owned::<str>(format!("123\u{FFFD}")));
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn to_owned() {
+ let data = b"123\0";
+ let ptr = data.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
+
+ let owned = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_owned() };
+ assert_eq!(owned.as_bytes_with_nul(), data);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn equal_hash() {
+ let data = b"123\xE2\xFA\xA6\0";
+ let ptr = data.as_ptr() as *const c_char;
+ let cstr: &'static CStr = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(ptr) };
+
+ let mut s = DefaultHasher::new();
+ cstr.hash(&mut s);
+ let cstr_hash = s.finish();
+ let mut s = DefaultHasher::new();
+ CString::new(&data[..data.len() - 1]).unwrap().hash(&mut s);
+ let cstring_hash = s.finish();
+
+ assert_eq!(cstr_hash, cstring_hash);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn from_bytes_with_nul() {
+ let data = b"123\0";
+ let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(data);
+ assert_eq!(cstr.map(CStr::to_bytes), Ok(&b"123"[..]));
+ let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(data);
+ assert_eq!(cstr.map(CStr::to_bytes_with_nul), Ok(&b"123\0"[..]));
+
+ unsafe {
+ let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(data);
+ let cstr_unchecked = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(data);
+ assert_eq!(cstr, Ok(cstr_unchecked));
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn from_bytes_with_nul_unterminated() {
+ let data = b"123";
+ let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(data);
+ assert!(cstr.is_err());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn from_bytes_with_nul_interior() {
+ let data = b"1\023\0";
+ let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(data);
+ assert!(cstr.is_err());
+ }
+}