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A collection of security, correctness, and robustness fixes in `zenhttp` and `zencore` surfaced by security review. Most items are small, independent commits grouped here because they all tighten trust boundaries or fix UB along the same code paths.
## WebSocket protocol hardening (RFC 6455)
- **Enforce the client-side mask bit**. Server-side frame loops now reject unmasked frames with close code 1002 per §5.1. Prevents HTTP intermediary smuggling.
- **Validate control frames and RSV bits**. Fragmented control frames, oversized (>125 B) control payloads, and any non-zero RSV bit now fail the connection before allocation.
- **Lower per-frame payload cap** from 256 MB → 4 MB. Bounds per-connection accumulator memory.
- **Implement message fragmentation**. Continuation frames are coalesced and delivered as a single message; interleaved non-control frames close with 1002; assembled messages are capped at 4 MB (1009 on overflow). Previously partial fragments were delivered to handlers, bypassing payload validation.
- **Parse the 101 handshake response properly** in `HttpWsClient`. Status-line, `Upgrade`, `Connection`, and `Sec-WebSocket-Accept` are now matched exactly rather than via substring searches against the full body.
## Auth / OIDC hardening
- **Constant-time password compare** in `PasswordSecurity::IsAllowed` (closes a remote length/content timing oracle). Adds a shared `ConstantTimeEquals` helper.
- **Harden Basic-auth header parsing**: trim trailing LWS, reject control bytes and DEL in the credential.
- **OIDC discovery pinning**: require HTTPS (loopback exempt), verify `issuer` matches `BaseUrl`, require `token_endpoint` / `userinfo_endpoint` / `jwks_uri` to share origin with `BaseUrl`, reject empty `token_endpoint`.
- **Restrict `POST /auth/oidc/refreshtoken`** to local-machine requests. Previously unauthenticated in default deployments — remote callers could evict or replace cached tokens.
- **Stop logging OIDC provider response bodies** on refresh failure (IdPs echo `refresh_token` back in error bodies).
- **Drop the unused `IdentityToken` field** from `OidcClient` / `OpenIdToken` so nothing in the tree accidentally trusts an unverified JWT.
## Auth state encryption migration
- Add `AesGcm` AEAD primitive (BCrypt / OpenSSL backends, mbedTLS stubbed) and `CryptoRandom::Fill` CSPRNG helper in `zencore/crypto.h`.
- Migrate authstate file from AES-256-CBC with a fixed IV to AES-GCM with a fresh 12-byte random nonce per write and the 4-byte `ZEN1` magic bound as AAD. Legacy-CBC files are transparently read once and rewritten in the new format.
## Filesystem / IO robustness
- `IoBufferExtendedCore::Materialize` now checks `MAP_FAILED` on POSIX (was comparing to `nullptr`, which let the failure sentinel propagate into later reads and `munmap(MAP_FAILED, ...)`).
- `IoBufferBuilder::MakeFromFile / MakeFromTemporaryFile`: close the FD/HANDLE on exception via a dismissable `ScopeGuard`; actually check the `fstat()` return value (previously used an uninitialized `FileSize`).
- `ReadFromFileMaybe`: loop short reads, retry `EINTR`, chunk Windows `ReadFile` at `0xFFFFFFFF` bytes (fixes silent truncation of multi-GiB reads).
- `WipeDirectory`: compare `FindFirstFileW` handle against `INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE` rather than `nullptr`.
- `RemoveFileNative` (Linux/macOS): report non-`ENOENT` stat failures via the `std::error_code` out-param and stop reading `st_mode` after a failed stat.
## Buffer / compression correctness
- Avoid per-copy `IoBufferCore` heap allocations in `CompositeBuffer::CopyTo / ViewOrCopyRange` iterators; add fast path for `BufferHeader::Read` when the 64-byte header fits in the first plain-memory segment.
- `BufferHeader`: add `IsHeaderValid()` gate covering `BlockSizeExponent` range, `BlockCount * BlockSize` overflow, and `TotalRawSize` bounds before any arithmetic uses them. Defends against attacker-controlled headers that can pass the CRC and trigger OOB writes in `DecompressBlock`.
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- Fix double WriteResponse in PUT record failure path; the detail-body branch now short-circuits instead of falling through to a second WriteResponse call
- Return 405 Method Not Allowed for unsupported verbs in the root, namespace, bucket, record, and chunk handlers (previously fell through to no response)
- Clamp exec$/replay-recording thread_count so a bogus query value cannot spawn an unbounded worker pool
## Performance / cleanup
- NamespaceMap now uses TransparentStringHash + std::equal_to<>, so Get/Put/Find/Drop can probe the map with a std::string_view directly instead of constructing a temporary std::string on every request
- Replace insert_or_assign with try_emplace under the exclusive lock in GetNamespace; the find() re-check already guarantees the key is absent, so try_emplace matches intent better
## Reverted
- The earlier change to erase the pinned entry from m_DroppedNamespaces after DropNamespace's post-drop work was reverted: other threads may still hold pointers into a dropped namespace, so tearing it down eagerly is unsafe. Dropped namespaces remain pinned for the lifetime of the process as before.
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### Security: Input validation & path safety
- **Reject local file references by default** in package parsing — only allow when explicitly opted in by the service (`ParseFlags::kAllowLocalReferences`) and validated by an `ILocalRefPolicy` (fail-closed: no policy = rejected)
- **`DataRootLocalRefPolicy`** restricts local ref paths to the server's data root via canonical path prefix matching
- **Validate attachment hashes** in compute HTTP handlers — decompresses and re-hashes each attachment at ingestion time to reject tampered payloads
- **Path traversal validation** for worker descriptions (`pathvalidation.h`) — rejects absolute paths, `..` components, Windows reserved device names, and invalid filename characters
- **Harden CbPackage parsing** against corrupt inputs — overflow-safe attachment count, bounds checks on local ref offset/size, graceful failure instead of `ZEN_ASSERT` for untrusted data
- **Harden legacy package parser** — reject zero-size binary fields, missing mappers, and optionally validate resolved attachment hashes
- **Bounds check in `CbPackageReader::MarshalLocalChunkReference`** — detect when `MakeFromFile` silently clamps offset+size to file size
### Reliability: Lock consolidation & bug fixes
- **Consolidate three action map locks into one** (`m_ActionMapLock`) — eliminates deadlock risk from multi-lock ordering, simplifies state transitions, and fixes a race where newly enqueued actions were briefly invisible to `GetActionResult`/`FindActionResult`
- **Fix infinite loop in `BaseRunnerGroup::SubmitActions`** when actions exceed total runner capacity — cap round-robin at `TotalCapacity` and default unassigned results to "No capacity"
- **Fix `MakeSafeAbsolutePathInPlace` for UNC paths** — `\server\share` now correctly becomes `\?\UNC\server\share` instead of `\?\server\share`
- **Fix `max_retries=0`** — previously fell through to the default of 3; now correctly means "no retries"
### New: ManagedProcessRunner
- Cross-platform process runner backed by `SubprocessManager` — uses async exit callbacks instead of polling, delegates CPU/memory metrics to the manager's built-in sampler
- `ProcessGroup` (JobObject on Windows, process group on POSIX) for bulk cancellation on shutdown
- `--managed` flag on `zen exec inproc` to select this runner
- Refactored monitor thread lifecycle — `StartMonitorThread()` now called from derived constructors to avoid calling virtual functions from base constructor
### Process management
- **Suppress crash dialogs** via `JOB_OBJECT_UILIMIT_ERRORMODE` + `SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX` in both `WindowsProcessRunner` and `JobObject::Initialize` — prevents WER/Dr. Watson modal dialogs from blocking the monitor thread
- **CREATE_SUSPENDED → AssignProcessToJobObject → ResumeThread** pattern in `WindowsProcessRunner` — ensures job object assignment before process execution
- **Move stdout/stderr callbacks to `Spawn()` parameters** in `SubprocessManager` — prevents race where early output could be missed before callback installation
- Consistent PID logging across all runner types
### Test infrastructure
- **`zentest-appstub`**: Added `Fail` (configurable exit code) and `Crash` (abort / nullptr deref) test functions
- **Compute integration tests**: exit code handling, auto-retry exhaustion, manual reschedule after failure, mixed success/failure queues, crash handling (abort + nullptr), crash auto-retry, immediate query visibility after enqueue
- **Package format tests**: truncated header, bad magic, attachment count overflow, truncated data, local ref rejection/acceptance, policy enforcement (inside/outside root, traversal, no-policy fail-closed)
- **Legacy package parser tests**: empty input, zero-size binary, hash resolution with/without mapper, hash mismatch detection
- **UNC path tests** for `MakeSafeAbsolutePath`
### Misc
- ANSI color helper macros (`ZEN_RED`, `ZEN_BRIGHT_WHITE`, etc.) and `ZEN_BOLD`/`ZEN_DIM`/etc.
- Generic `fmt::formatter` for types with free `ToString` functions
- Compute dashboard: truncated hash display with monospace font and hover for full value
- Renamed `usonpackage_forcelink` → `cbpackage_forcelink`
- Compute enabled by default in xmake config (releases still explicitly disable)
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- Feature: Added Workspaces dashboard page with HTTP request stats and per-workspace metrics
- Feature: Added Build Storage dashboard page with service-specific HTTP request stats
- Improvement: Front page now shows Hub and Object Store activity tiles; HTTP panel is fixed above the tiles grid
- Improvement: HTTP stats tiles now include 5m/15m rates and p999/max latency across all service pages
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- Feature: Hub watchdog automatically deprovisions inactive provisioned and hibernated instances
- Feature: Added `stats/activity_counters` endpoint to measure server activity
- Feature: Added configuration options for hub watchdog
- `--hub-watchdog-provisioned-inactivity-timeout-seconds` Inactivity timeout before a provisioned instance is deprovisioned
- `--hub-watchdog-hibernated-inactivity-timeout-seconds` Inactivity timeout before a hibernated instance is deprovisioned
- `--hub-watchdog-inactivity-check-margin-seconds` Margin before timeout at which an activity check is issued
- `--hub-watchdog-cycle-interval-ms` Watchdog poll interval in milliseconds
- `--hub-watchdog-cycle-processing-budget-ms` Maximum time budget per watchdog cycle in milliseconds
- `--hub-watchdog-instance-check-throttle-ms` Minimum delay between checks on a single instance
- `--hub-watchdog-activity-check-connect-timeout-ms` Connect timeout for activity check requests
- `--hub-watchdog-activity-check-request-timeout-ms` Request timeout for activity check requests
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The main goal of this change is to eliminate the cpr back-end altogether and replace it with the curl implementation. I would expect to drop cpr as soon as we feel happy with the libcurl back-end. That would leave us with a direct dependency on libcurl only, and cpr can be eliminated as a dependency.
### HttpClient Backend Overhaul
- Implemented a new **libcurl-based HttpClient** backend (`httpclientcurl.cpp`, ~2000 lines)
as an alternative to the cpr-based one
- Made HttpClient backend **configurable at runtime** via constructor arguments
and `-httpclient=...` CLI option (for zen, zenserver, and tests)
- Extended HttpClient test suite to cover multipart/content-range scenarios
### Unix Domain Socket Support
- Added Unix domain socket support to **httpasio** (server side)
- Added Unix domain socket support to **HttpClient**
- Added Unix domain socket support to **HttpWsClient** (WebSocket client)
- Templatized `HttpServerConnectionT<SocketType>` and `WsAsioConnectionT<SocketType>`
to handle TCP, Unix, and SSL sockets uniformly via `if constexpr` dispatch
### HTTPS Support
- Added **preliminary HTTPS support to httpasio** (for Mac/Linux via OpenSSL)
- Added **basic HTTPS support for http.sys** (Windows)
- Implemented HTTPS test for httpasio
- Split `InitializeServer` into smaller sub-functions for http.sys
### Other Notable Changes
- Improved **zenhttp-test stability** with dynamic port allocation
- Enhanced port retry logic in http.sys (handles ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
- Fatal signal/exception handlers for backtrace generation in tests
- Added `zen bench http` subcommand to exercise network + HTTP client/server communication stack
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- **Frontend dashboard overhaul**: Unified compute/main dashboards into a single shared UI. Added new pages for cache, projects, metrics, sessions, info (build/runtime config, system stats). Added live-update via WebSockets with pause control, sortable detail tables, themed styling. Refactored compute/hub/orchestrator pages into modular JS.
- **HTTP server fixes and stats**: Fixed http.sys local-only fallback when default port is in use, implemented root endpoint redirect for http.sys, fixed Linux/Mac port reuse. Added /stats endpoint exposing HTTP server metrics (bytes transferred, request rates). Added WebSocket stats tracking.
- **OTEL/diagnostics hardening**: Improved OTLP HTTP exporter with better error handling and resilience. Extended diagnostics services configuration.
- **Session management**: Added new sessions service with HTTP endpoints for registering, updating, querying, and removing sessions. Includes session log file support. This is still WIP.
- **CLI subcommand support**: Added support for commands with subcommands in the zen CLI tool, with improved command dispatch.
- **Misc**: Exposed CPU usage/hostname to frontend, fixed JS compact binary float32/float64 decoding, limited projects displayed on front page to 25 sorted by last access, added vscode:// link support.
Also contains some fixes from TSAN analysis.
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handle it (#804)
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When changing the default limit-overwrite behavior, a unit test surfaced a bug where an put of data with overwrite cache policy would not get propagated via zen's built-in upstream mechanism with a matching overwrite cache policy to the upstream. This change ensures that it does and leaves the unit test configured to exercise this scenario.
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- Improvement: Deeper validation of data when scrub is activated (cas/cache/project)
- Improvement: Enabled more multi threading when running scrub operations
- Improvement: Added means to force a scrub operation at startup with a new release using ZEN_DATA_FORCE_SCRUB_VERSION variable in xmake.lua
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- adds `zentelemetry` project which houses new functionality for serializing logs and traces in OpenTelemetry Protocol format (OTLP)
- moved existing stats functionality from `zencore` to `zentelemetry`
- adds `TRefCounted<T>` for vtable-less refcounting
- adds `MemoryArena` class which allows for linear allocation of memory from chunks
- adds `protozero` which is used to encode OTLP protobuf messages
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* move all storage-related services into storage tree
* move config into config/
* also move admin service into storage since it mostly has storage related functionality
* header consolidation
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