[lint] Rename exception variables to exc

Use the more explicit (and common) exc instead of e as the variable
holding the exception in except handlers.

10 files changed, 66 insertions, 66 deletions

diff --git a/discord/__main__.py b/discord/__main__.py
index 88837c79..983f388e 100644
--- a/discord/__main__.py
+++ b/discord/__main__.py
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ class Bot(commands.{base}):
         for cog in config.cogs:
             try:
                 self.load_extension(cog)
-            except Exception as e:
-                print('Could not load extension {{0}} due to {{1.__class__.__name__}}: {{1}}'.format(cog, e))
+            except Exception as exc:
+                print('Could not load extension {{0}} due to {{1.__class__.__name__}}: {{1}}'.format(cog, exc))
 
     async def on_ready(self):
         print('Logged on as {{0}} (ID: {{0.id}})'.format(self.user))
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ def newbot(parser, args):
     # since we already checked above that we're >3.5
     try:
         new_directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-    except OSError as e:
-        parser.error('could not create our bot directory ({})'.format(e))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        parser.error('could not create our bot directory ({})'.format(exc))
 
     cogs = new_directory / 'cogs'
 
@@ -190,28 +190,28 @@ def newbot(parser, args):
         cogs.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
         init = cogs / '__init__.py'
         init.touch()
-    except OSError as e:
-        print('warning: could not create cogs directory ({})'.format(e))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        print('warning: could not create cogs directory ({})'.format(exc))
 
     try:
         with open(str(new_directory / 'config.py'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
             fp.write('token = "place your token here"\ncogs = []\n')
-    except OSError as e:
-        parser.error('could not create config file ({})'.format(e))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        parser.error('could not create config file ({})'.format(exc))
 
     try:
         with open(str(new_directory / 'bot.py'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
             base = 'Bot' if not args.sharded else 'AutoShardedBot'
             fp.write(bot_template.format(base=base, prefix=args.prefix))
-    except OSError as e:
-        parser.error('could not create bot file ({})'.format(e))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        parser.error('could not create bot file ({})'.format(exc))
 
     if not args.no_git:
         try:
             with open(str(new_directory / '.gitignore'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                 fp.write(gitignore_template)
-        except OSError as e:
-            print('warning: could not create .gitignore file ({})'.format(e))
+        except OSError as exc:
+            print('warning: could not create .gitignore file ({})'.format(exc))
 
     print('successfully made bot at', new_directory)
 
@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ def newcog(parser, args):
     cog_dir = to_path(parser, args.directory)
     try:
         cog_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    except OSError as e:
-        print('warning: could not create cogs directory ({})'.format(e))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        print('warning: could not create cogs directory ({})'.format(exc))
 
     directory = cog_dir / to_path(parser, args.name)
     directory = directory.with_suffix('.py')
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ def newcog(parser, args):
                 else:
                     name = name.title()
             fp.write(cog_template.format(name=name, extra=extra))
-    except OSError as e:
-        parser.error('could not create cog file ({})'.format(e))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        parser.error('could not create cog file ({})'.format(exc))
     else:
         print('successfully made cog at', directory)
 
diff --git a/discord/client.py b/discord/client.py
index 6251e65e..e5269828 100644
--- a/discord/client.py
+++ b/discord/client.py
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ class Client:
 
                 try:
                     result = condition(*args)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    future.set_exception(e)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    future.set_exception(exc)
                     removed.append(i)
                 else:
                     if result:
@@ -406,11 +406,11 @@ class Client:
                     aiohttp.ClientError,
                     asyncio.TimeoutError,
                     websockets.InvalidHandshake,
-                    websockets.WebSocketProtocolError) as e:
+                    websockets.WebSocketProtocolError) as exc:
 
                 if not reconnect:
                     await self.close()
-                    if isinstance(e, ConnectionClosed) and e.code == 1000:
+                    if isinstance(exc, ConnectionClosed) and exc.code == 1000:
                         # clean close, don't re-raise this
                         return
                     raise
@@ -422,8 +422,8 @@ class Client:
                 # such as a clean disconnect (1000) or a bad state (bad token, no sharding, etc)
                 # sometimes, discord sends us 1000 for unknown reasons so we should reconnect
                 # regardless and rely on is_closed instead
-                if isinstance(e, ConnectionClosed):
-                    if e.code != 1000:
+                if isinstance(exc, ConnectionClosed):
+                    if exc.code != 1000:
                         await self.close()
                         raise
 
diff --git a/discord/ext/commands/bot.py b/discord/ext/commands/bot.py
index 04a5452f..b934be9b 100644
--- a/discord/ext/commands/bot.py
+++ b/discord/ext/commands/bot.py
@@ -897,8 +897,8 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             try:
                 if (await self.can_run(ctx, call_once=True)):
                     await ctx.command.invoke(ctx)
-            except CommandError as e:
-                await ctx.command.dispatch_error(ctx, e)
+            except CommandError as exc:
+                await ctx.command.dispatch_error(ctx, exc)
             else:
                 self.dispatch('command_completion', ctx)
         elif ctx.invoked_with:
diff --git a/discord/ext/commands/converter.py b/discord/ext/commands/converter.py
index a66a61f3..de189e6c 100644
--- a/discord/ext/commands/converter.py
+++ b/discord/ext/commands/converter.py
@@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ class InviteConverter(Converter):
         try:
             invite = await ctx.bot.get_invite(argument)
             return invite
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise BadArgument('Invite is invalid or expired') from e
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise BadArgument('Invite is invalid or expired') from exc
 
 class EmojiConverter(IDConverter):
     """Converts to a :class:`Emoji`.
diff --git a/discord/ext/commands/core.py b/discord/ext/commands/core.py
index 8e28159d..e2e68192 100644
--- a/discord/ext/commands/core.py
+++ b/discord/ext/commands/core.py
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ def wrap_callback(coro):
             raise
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             return
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise CommandInvokeError(e) from e
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise CommandInvokeError(exc) from exc
         return ret
     return wrapped
 
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ def hooked_wrapped_callback(command, ctx, coro):
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             ctx.command_failed = True
             return
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception as exc:
             ctx.command_failed = True
-            raise CommandInvokeError(e) from e
+            raise CommandInvokeError(exc) from exc
         finally:
             await command.call_after_hooks(ctx)
         return ret
@@ -262,20 +262,20 @@ class Command:
                 return ret
         except CommandError:
             raise
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise ConversionError(converter, e) from e
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ConversionError(converter, exc) from exc
 
         try:
             return converter(argument)
         except CommandError:
             raise
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception as exc:
             try:
                 name = converter.__name__
             except AttributeError:
                 name = converter.__class__.__name__
 
-            raise BadArgument('Converting to "{}" failed for parameter "{}".'.format(name, param.name)) from e
+            raise BadArgument('Converting to "{}" failed for parameter "{}".'.format(name, param.name)) from exc
 
     async def do_conversion(self, ctx, converter, argument, param):
         try:
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ class Command:
 
                     try:
                         value = await self._actual_conversion(ctx, conv, argument, param)
-                    except CommandError as e:
-                        errors.append(e)
+                    except CommandError as exc:
+                        errors.append(exc)
                     else:
                         return value
 
diff --git a/discord/gateway.py b/discord/gateway.py
index 7e04018a..b3fca3a3 100644
--- a/discord/gateway.py
+++ b/discord/gateway.py
@@ -413,8 +413,8 @@ class DiscordWebSocket(websockets.client.WebSocketClientProtocol):
 
             try:
                 valid = entry.predicate(data)
-            except Exception as e:
-                future.set_exception(e)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                future.set_exception(exc)
                 removed.append(index)
             else:
                 if valid:
@@ -445,13 +445,13 @@ class DiscordWebSocket(websockets.client.WebSocketClientProtocol):
         try:
             msg = await self.recv()
             await self.received_message(msg)
-        except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed as e:
-            if self._can_handle_close(e.code):
-                log.info('Websocket closed with %s (%s), attempting a reconnect.', e.code, e.reason)
-                raise ResumeWebSocket(self.shard_id) from e
+        except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed as exc:
+            if self._can_handle_close(exc.code):
+                log.info('Websocket closed with %s (%s), attempting a reconnect.', exc.code, exc.reason)
+                raise ResumeWebSocket(self.shard_id) from exc
             else:
-                log.info('Websocket closed with %s (%s), cannot reconnect.', e.code, e.reason)
-                raise ConnectionClosed(e, shard_id=self.shard_id) from e
+                log.info('Websocket closed with %s (%s), cannot reconnect.', exc.code, exc.reason)
+                raise ConnectionClosed(exc, shard_id=self.shard_id) from exc
 
     async def send(self, data):
         self._dispatch('socket_raw_send', data)
@@ -459,10 +459,10 @@ class DiscordWebSocket(websockets.client.WebSocketClientProtocol):
 
     async def send_as_json(self, data):
         try:
-            await self.send(utils.to_json(data))
-        except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed as e:
-            if not self._can_handle_close(e.code):
-                raise ConnectionClosed(e, shard_id=self.shard_id) from e
+            await super().send(utils.to_json(data))
+        except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed as exc:
+            if not self._can_handle_close(exc.code):
+                raise ConnectionClosed(exc, shard_id=self.shard_id) from exc
 
     async def change_presence(self, *, activity=None, status=None, afk=False, since=0.0):
         if activity is not None:
@@ -679,8 +679,8 @@ class DiscordVoiceWebSocket(websockets.client.WebSocketClientProtocol):
         try:
             msg = await asyncio.wait_for(self.recv(), timeout=30.0, loop=self.loop)
             await self.received_message(json.loads(msg))
-        except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed as e:
-            raise ConnectionClosed(e, shard_id=None) from e
+        except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed as exc:
+            raise ConnectionClosed(exc, shard_id=None) from exc
 
     async def close_connection(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if self._keep_alive:
diff --git a/discord/http.py b/discord/http.py
index 93e9708d..7fc6abda 100644
--- a/discord/http.py
+++ b/discord/http.py
@@ -244,10 +244,10 @@ class HTTPClient:
 
         try:
             data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/users/@me'))
-        except HTTPException as e:
+        except HTTPException as exc:
             self._token(old_token, bot=old_bot)
-            if e.response.status == 401:
-                raise LoginFailure('Improper token has been passed.') from e
+            if exc.response.status == 401:
+                raise LoginFailure('Improper token has been passed.') from exc
             raise
 
         return data
@@ -742,8 +742,8 @@ class HTTPClient:
     async def get_gateway(self, *, encoding='json', v=6, zlib=True):
         try:
             data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/gateway'))
-        except HTTPException as e:
-            raise GatewayNotFound() from e
+        except HTTPException as exc:
+            raise GatewayNotFound() from exc
         if zlib:
             value = '{0}?encoding={1}&v={2}&compress=zlib-stream'
         else:
@@ -753,8 +753,8 @@ class HTTPClient:
     async def get_bot_gateway(self, *, encoding='json', v=6, zlib=True):
         try:
             data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/gateway/bot'))
-        except HTTPException as e:
-            raise GatewayNotFound() from e
+        except HTTPException as exc:
+            raise GatewayNotFound() from exc
 
         if zlib:
             value = '{0}?encoding={1}&v={2}&compress=zlib-stream'
diff --git a/discord/player.py b/discord/player.py
index a31b8fd2..e72d2c43 100644
--- a/discord/player.py
+++ b/discord/player.py
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ class FFmpegPCMAudio(AudioSource):
             self._stdout = self._process.stdout
         except FileNotFoundError:
             raise ClientException(executable + ' was not found.') from None
-        except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
-            raise ClientException('Popen failed: {0.__class__.__name__}: {0}'.format(e)) from e
+        except subprocess.SubprocessError as exc:
+            raise ClientException('Popen failed: {0.__class__.__name__}: {0}'.format(exc)) from exc
 
     def read(self):
         ret = self._stdout.read(OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE)
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ class AudioPlayer(threading.Thread):
     def run(self):
         try:
             self._do_run()
-        except Exception as e:
-            self._current_error = e
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._current_error = exc
             self.stop()
         finally:
             self.source.cleanup()
diff --git a/discord/state.py b/discord/state.py
index 53e453f3..ee542d99 100644
--- a/discord/state.py
+++ b/discord/state.py
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ class ConnectionState:
 
             try:
                 passed = listener.predicate(argument)
-            except Exception as e:
-                future.set_exception(e)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                future.set_exception(exc)
                 removed.append(i)
             else:
                 if passed:
diff --git a/discord/voice_client.py b/discord/voice_client.py
index 9d189af2..14c54493 100644
--- a/discord/voice_client.py
+++ b/discord/voice_client.py
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ class VoiceClient:
         while True:
             try:
                 await self.ws.poll_event()
-            except (ConnectionClosed, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
-                if isinstance(e, ConnectionClosed):
-                    if e.code == 1000:
+            except (ConnectionClosed, asyncio.TimeoutError) as exc:
+                if isinstance(exc, ConnectionClosed):
+                    if exc.code == 1000:
                         await self.disconnect()
                         break