Merge tag 'branch-0.13' into bugfix_gitdir

1 files changed, 763 insertions, 549 deletions

diff --git a/src/init.cpp b/src/init.cpp
index 11329c16a..509bc45f5 100644
--- a/src/init.cpp
+++ b/src/init.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
-// Copyright (c) 2009-2014 The Bitcoin developers
+// Copyright (c) 2009-2015 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
@@ -11,24 +11,34 @@
 
 #include "addrman.h"
 #include "amount.h"
+#include "chain.h"
+#include "chainparams.h"
 #include "checkpoints.h"
 #include "compat/sanity.h"
+#include "consensus/validation.h"
+#include "httpserver.h"
+#include "httprpc.h"
 #include "key.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "miner.h"
 #include "net.h"
-#include "rpcserver.h"
+#include "policy/policy.h"
+#include "rpc/server.h"
+#include "rpc/register.h"
 #include "script/standard.h"
+#include "script/sigcache.h"
+#include "scheduler.h"
+#include "timedata.h"
 #include "txdb.h"
+#include "txmempool.h"
+#include "torcontrol.h"
 #include "ui_interface.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "utilmoneystr.h"
+#include "validationinterface.h"
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-#include "db.h"
-#include "wallet.h"
-#include "walletdb.h"
+#include "wallet/wallet.h"
 #endif
-
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
@@ -36,24 +46,37 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <boost/algorithm/string/classification.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
+#include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>
+#include <boost/bind.hpp>
 #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+#include <boost/function.hpp>
 #include <boost/interprocess/sync/file_lock.hpp>
 #include <boost/thread.hpp>
 #include <openssl/crypto.h>
 
-using namespace boost;
+#if ENABLE_ZMQ
+#include "zmq/zmqnotificationinterface.h"
+#endif
+
 using namespace std;
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-CWallet* pwalletMain = NULL;
-#endif
 bool fFeeEstimatesInitialized = false;
+static const bool DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE = true;
+static const bool DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE = false;
+static const bool DEFAULT_DISABLE_SAFEMODE = false;
+static const bool DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT = false;
+
+
+#if ENABLE_ZMQ
+static CZMQNotificationInterface* pzmqNotificationInterface = NULL;
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 // Win32 LevelDB doesn't use filedescriptors, and the ones used for
-// accessing block files, don't count towards to fd_set size limit
+// accessing block files don't count towards the fd_set size limit
 // anyway.
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 0
 #else
@@ -69,7 +92,6 @@ enum BindFlags {
 };
 
 static const char* FEE_ESTIMATES_FILENAME="fee_estimates.dat";
-CClientUIInterface uiInterface;
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
@@ -101,7 +123,7 @@ CClientUIInterface uiInterface;
 // shutdown thing.
 //
 
-volatile bool fRequestShutdown = false;
+std::atomic<bool> fRequestShutdown(false);
 
 void StartShutdown()
 {
@@ -112,7 +134,44 @@ bool ShutdownRequested()
     return fRequestShutdown;
 }
 
+/**
+ * This is a minimally invasive approach to shutdown on LevelDB read errors from the
+ * chainstate, while keeping user interface out of the common library, which is shared
+ * between bitcoind, and bitcoin-qt and non-server tools.
+*/
+class CCoinsViewErrorCatcher : public CCoinsViewBacked
+{
+public:
+    CCoinsViewErrorCatcher(CCoinsView* view) : CCoinsViewBacked(view) {}
+    bool GetCoins(const uint256 &txid, CCoins &coins) const {
+        try {
+            return CCoinsViewBacked::GetCoins(txid, coins);
+        } catch(const std::runtime_error& e) {
+            uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(_("Error reading from database, shutting down."), "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
+            LogPrintf("Error reading from database: %s\n", e.what());
+            // Starting the shutdown sequence and returning false to the caller would be
+            // interpreted as 'entry not found' (as opposed to unable to read data), and
+            // could lead to invalid interpretation. Just exit immediately, as we can't
+            // continue anyway, and all writes should be atomic.
+            abort();
+        }
+    }
+    // Writes do not need similar protection, as failure to write is handled by the caller.
+};
+
 static CCoinsViewDB *pcoinsdbview = NULL;
+static CCoinsViewErrorCatcher *pcoinscatcher = NULL;
+static boost::scoped_ptr<ECCVerifyHandle> globalVerifyHandle;
+
+void Interrupt(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
+{
+    InterruptHTTPServer();
+    InterruptHTTPRPC();
+    InterruptRPC();
+    InterruptREST();
+    InterruptTorControl();
+    threadGroup.interrupt_all();
+}
 
 void Shutdown()
 {
@@ -128,13 +187,17 @@ void Shutdown()
     /// module was initialized.
     RenameThread("bitcoin-shutoff");
     mempool.AddTransactionsUpdated(1);
-    StopRPCThreads();
+
+    StopHTTPRPC();
+    StopREST();
+    StopRPC();
+    StopHTTPServer();
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     if (pwalletMain)
-        bitdb.Flush(false);
-    GenerateBitcoins(false, NULL, 0);
+        pwalletMain->Flush(false);
 #endif
     StopNode();
+    StopTorControl();
     UnregisterNodeSignals(GetNodeSignals());
 
     if (fFeeEstimatesInitialized)
@@ -155,6 +218,8 @@ void Shutdown()
         }
         delete pcoinsTip;
         pcoinsTip = NULL;
+        delete pcoinscatcher;
+        pcoinscatcher = NULL;
         delete pcoinsdbview;
         pcoinsdbview = NULL;
         delete pblocktree;
@@ -162,16 +227,31 @@ void Shutdown()
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     if (pwalletMain)
-        bitdb.Flush(true);
+        pwalletMain->Flush(true);
 #endif
+
+#if ENABLE_ZMQ
+    if (pzmqNotificationInterface) {
+        UnregisterValidationInterface(pzmqNotificationInterface);
+        delete pzmqNotificationInterface;
+        pzmqNotificationInterface = NULL;
+    }
+#endif
+
 #ifndef WIN32
-    boost::filesystem::remove(GetPidFile());
+    try {
+        boost::filesystem::remove(GetPidFile());
+    } catch (const boost::filesystem::filesystem_error& e) {
+        LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove pidfile: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+    }
 #endif
     UnregisterAllValidationInterfaces();
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     delete pwalletMain;
     pwalletMain = NULL;
 #endif
+    globalVerifyHandle.reset();
+    ECC_Stop();
     LogPrintf("%s: done\n", __func__);
 }
 
@@ -188,18 +268,6 @@ void HandleSIGHUP(int)
     fReopenDebugLog = true;
 }
 
-bool static InitError(const std::string &str)
-{
-    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(str, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool static InitWarning(const std::string &str)
-{
-    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(str, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_WARNING);
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool static Bind(const CService &addr, unsigned int flags) {
     if (!(flags & BF_EXPLICIT) && IsLimited(addr))
         return false;
@@ -212,178 +280,233 @@ bool static Bind(const CService &addr, unsigned int flags) {
     return true;
 }
 
+void OnRPCStopped()
+{
+    cvBlockChange.notify_all();
+    LogPrint("rpc", "RPC stopped.\n");
+}
+
+void OnRPCPreCommand(const CRPCCommand& cmd)
+{
+    // Observe safe mode
+    string strWarning = GetWarnings("rpc");
+    if (strWarning != "" && !GetBoolArg("-disablesafemode", DEFAULT_DISABLE_SAFEMODE) &&
+        !cmd.okSafeMode)
+        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_FORBIDDEN_BY_SAFE_MODE, string("Safe mode: ") + strWarning);
+}
+
 std::string HelpMessage(HelpMessageMode mode)
 {
+    const bool showDebug = GetBoolArg("-help-debug", false);
+
     // When adding new options to the categories, please keep and ensure alphabetical ordering.
-    string strUsage = _("Options:") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -?                     " + _("This help message") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -alertnotify=<cmd>     " + _("Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see a really long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -blocknotify=<cmd>     " + _("Execute command when the best block changes (%s in cmd is replaced by block hash)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -checkblocks=<n>       " + strprintf(_("How many blocks to check at startup (default: %u, 0 = all)"), 288) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -checklevel=<n>        " + strprintf(_("How thorough the block verification of -checkblocks is (0-4, default: %u)"), 3) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -conf=<file>           " + strprintf(_("Specify configuration file (default: %s)"), "bitcoin.conf") + "\n";
+    // Do not translate _(...) -help-debug options, Many technical terms, and only a very small audience, so is unnecessary stress to translators.
+    string strUsage = HelpMessageGroup(_("Options:"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-?", _("Print this help message and exit"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-version", _("Print version and exit"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-alertnotify=<cmd>", _("Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see a really long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blocknotify=<cmd>", _("Execute command when the best block changes (%s in cmd is replaced by block hash)"));
+    if (showDebug)
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blocksonly", strprintf(_("Whether to operate in a blocks only mode (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-checkblocks=<n>", strprintf(_("How many blocks to check at startup (default: %u, 0 = all)"), DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-checklevel=<n>", strprintf(_("How thorough the block verification of -checkblocks is (0-4, default: %u)"), DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-conf=<file>", strprintf(_("Specify configuration file (default: %s)"), BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME));
     if (mode == HMM_BITCOIND)
     {
-#if !defined(WIN32)
-        strUsage += "  -daemon                " + _("Run in the background as a daemon and accept commands") + "\n";
+#ifndef WIN32
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-daemon", _("Run in the background as a daemon and accept commands"));
 #endif
     }
-    strUsage += "  -datadir=<dir>         " + _("Specify data directory") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -dbcache=<n>           " + strprintf(_("Set database cache size in megabytes (%d to %d, default: %d)"), nMinDbCache, nMaxDbCache, nDefaultDbCache) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -loadblock=<file>      " + _("Imports blocks from external blk000??.dat file") + " " + _("on startup") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -maxorphanblocks=<n>   " + strprintf(_("Keep at most <n> unconnectable blocks in memory (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_BLOCKS) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -maxorphantx=<n>       " + strprintf(_("Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in memory (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -par=<n>               " + strprintf(_("Set the number of script verification threads (%u to %d, 0 = auto, <0 = leave that many cores free, default: %d)"), -(int)boost::thread::hardware_concurrency(), MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS, DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS) + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-datadir=<dir>", _("Specify data directory"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-dbcache=<n>", strprintf(_("Set database cache size in megabytes (%d to %d, default: %d)"), nMinDbCache, nMaxDbCache, nDefaultDbCache));
+    if (showDebug)
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-feefilter", strprintf("Tell other nodes to filter invs to us by our mempool min fee (default: %u)", DEFAULT_FEEFILTER));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-loadblock=<file>", _("Imports blocks from external blk000??.dat file on startup"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxorphantx=<n>", strprintf(_("Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in memory (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxmempool=<n>", strprintf(_("Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> megabytes (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-mempoolexpiry=<n>", strprintf(_("Do not keep transactions in the mempool longer than <n> hours (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-par=<n>", strprintf(_("Set the number of script verification threads (%u to %d, 0 = auto, <0 = leave that many cores free, default: %d)"),
+        -GetNumCores(), MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS, DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS));
 #ifndef WIN32
-    strUsage += "  -pid=<file>            " + strprintf(_("Specify pid file (default: %s)"), "bitcoind.pid") + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-pid=<file>", strprintf(_("Specify pid file (default: %s)"), BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME));
 #endif
-    strUsage += "  -reindex               " + _("Rebuild block chain index from current blk000??.dat files") + " " + _("on startup") + "\n";
-#if !defined(WIN32)
-    strUsage += "  -sysperms              " + _("Create new files with system default permissions, instead of umask 077 (only effective with disabled wallet functionality)") + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-prune=<n>", strprintf(_("Reduce storage requirements by pruning (deleting) old blocks. This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. "
+            "Warning: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the entire blockchain. "
+            "(default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, >%u = target size in MiB to use for block files)"), MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-reindex-chainstate", _("Rebuild chain state from the currently indexed blocks"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-reindex", _("Rebuild chain state and block index from the blk*.dat files on disk"));
+#ifndef WIN32
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-sysperms", _("Create new files with system default permissions, instead of umask 077 (only effective with disabled wallet functionality)"));
 #endif
-    strUsage += "  -txindex               " + strprintf(_("Maintain a full transaction index, used by the getrawtransaction rpc call (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("Connection options:") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -addnode=<ip>          " + _("Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection open") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -banscore=<n>          " + strprintf(_("Threshold for disconnecting misbehaving peers (default: %u)"), 100) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -bantime=<n>           " + strprintf(_("Number of seconds to keep misbehaving peers from reconnecting (default: %u)"), 86400) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -bind=<addr>           " + _("Bind to given address and always listen on it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -connect=<ip>          " + _("Connect only to the specified node(s)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -discover              " + _("Discover own IP address (default: 1 when listening and no -externalip)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -dns                   " + _("Allow DNS lookups for -addnode, -seednode and -connect") + " " + _("(default: 1)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -dnsseed               " + _("Query for peer addresses via DNS lookup, if low on addresses (default: 1 unless -connect)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -externalip=<ip>       " + _("Specify your own public address") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -forcednsseed          " + strprintf(_("Always query for peer addresses via DNS lookup (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -listen                " + _("Accept connections from outside (default: 1 if no -proxy or -connect)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -maxconnections=<n>    " + strprintf(_("Maintain at most <n> connections to peers (default: %u)"), 125) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -maxreceivebuffer=<n>  " + strprintf(_("Maximum per-connection receive buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)"), 5000) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -maxsendbuffer=<n>     " + strprintf(_("Maximum per-connection send buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)"), 1000) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -onion=<ip:port>       " + strprintf(_("Use separate SOCKS5 proxy to reach peers via Tor hidden services (default: %s)"), "-proxy") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -onlynet=<net>         " + _("Only connect to nodes in network <net> (ipv4, ipv6 or onion)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -permitbaremultisig    " + strprintf(_("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -port=<port>           " + strprintf(_("Listen for connections on <port> (default: %u or testnet: %u)"), 8333, 18333) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -proxy=<ip:port>       " + _("Connect through SOCKS5 proxy") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -seednode=<ip>         " + _("Connect to a node to retrieve peer addresses, and disconnect") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -timeout=<n>           " + strprintf(_("Specify connection timeout in milliseconds (minimum: 1, default: %d)"), DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT) + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-txindex", strprintf(_("Maintain a full transaction index, used by the getrawtransaction rpc call (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_TXINDEX));
+
+    strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Connection options:"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-addnode=<ip>", _("Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection open"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-banscore=<n>", strprintf(_("Threshold for disconnecting misbehaving peers (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_BANSCORE_THRESHOLD));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-bantime=<n>", strprintf(_("Number of seconds to keep misbehaving peers from reconnecting (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-bind=<addr>", _("Bind to given address and always listen on it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-connect=<ip>", _("Connect only to the specified node(s)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-discover", _("Discover own IP addresses (default: 1 when listening and no -externalip or -proxy)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-dns", _("Allow DNS lookups for -addnode, -seednode and -connect") + " " + strprintf(_("(default: %u)"), DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-dnsseed", _("Query for peer addresses via DNS lookup, if low on addresses (default: 1 unless -connect)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-externalip=<ip>", _("Specify your own public address"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-forcednsseed", strprintf(_("Always query for peer addresses via DNS lookup (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-listen", _("Accept connections from outside (default: 1 if no -proxy or -connect)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-listenonion", strprintf(_("Automatically create Tor hidden service (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxconnections=<n>", strprintf(_("Maintain at most <n> connections to peers (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxreceivebuffer=<n>", strprintf(_("Maximum per-connection receive buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxsendbuffer=<n>", strprintf(_("Maximum per-connection send buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxtimeadjustment", strprintf(_("Maximum allowed median peer time offset adjustment. Local perspective of time may be influenced by peers forward or backward by this amount. (default: %u seconds)"), DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_ADJUSTMENT));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-onion=<ip:port>", strprintf(_("Use separate SOCKS5 proxy to reach peers via Tor hidden services (default: %s)"), "-proxy"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-onlynet=<net>", _("Only connect to nodes in network <net> (ipv4, ipv6 or onion)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-permitbaremultisig", strprintf(_("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-peerbloomfilters", strprintf(_("Support filtering of blocks and transaction with bloom filters (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-port=<port>", strprintf(_("Listen for connections on <port> (default: %u or testnet: %u)"), Params(CBaseChainParams::MAIN).GetDefaultPort(), Params(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET).GetDefaultPort()));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-proxy=<ip:port>", _("Connect through SOCKS5 proxy"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-proxyrandomize", strprintf(_("Randomize credentials for every proxy connection. This enables Tor stream isolation (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-seednode=<ip>", _("Connect to a node to retrieve peer addresses, and disconnect"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-timeout=<n>", strprintf(_("Specify connection timeout in milliseconds (minimum: 1, default: %d)"), DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-torcontrol=<ip>:<port>", strprintf(_("Tor control port to use if onion listening enabled (default: %s)"), DEFAULT_TOR_CONTROL));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-torpassword=<pass>", _("Tor control port password (default: empty)"));
 #ifdef USE_UPNP
 #if USE_UPNP
-    strUsage += "  -upnp                  " + _("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: 1 when listening)") + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-upnp", _("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: 1 when listening and no -proxy)"));
 #else
-    strUsage += "  -upnp                  " + strprintf(_("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-upnp", strprintf(_("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: %u)"), 0));
 #endif
 #endif
-    strUsage += "  -whitebind=<addr>      " + _("Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting to it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -whitelist=<netmask>   " + _("Whitelist peers connecting from the given netmask or IP address. Can be specified multiple times.") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "                         " + _("Whitelisted peers cannot be DoS banned and their transactions are always relayed, even if they are already in the mempool, useful e.g. for a gateway") + "\n";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-whitebind=<addr>", _("Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting to it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-whitelist=<netmask>", _("Whitelist peers connecting from the given netmask or IP address. Can be specified multiple times.") +
+        " " + _("Whitelisted peers cannot be DoS banned and their transactions are always relayed, even if they are already in the mempool, useful e.g. for a gateway"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-whitelistrelay", strprintf(_("Accept relayed transactions received from whitelisted peers even when not relaying transactions (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-whitelistforcerelay", strprintf(_("Force relay of transactions from whitelisted peers even they violate local relay policy (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxuploadtarget=<n>", strprintf(_("Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET));
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("Wallet options:") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -disablewallet         " + _("Do not load the wallet and disable wallet RPC calls") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -keypool=<n>           " + strprintf(_("Set key pool size to <n> (default: %u)"), 100) + "\n";
-    if (GetBoolArg("-help-debug", false))
-        strUsage += "  -mintxfee=<amt>        " + strprintf(_("Fees (in BTC/Kb) smaller than this are considered zero fee for transaction creation (default: %s)"), FormatMoney(CWallet::minTxFee.GetFeePerK())) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -paytxfee=<amt>        " + strprintf(_("Fee (in BTC/kB) to add to transactions you send (default: %s)"), FormatMoney(payTxFee.GetFeePerK())) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rescan                " + _("Rescan the block chain for missing wallet transactions") + " " + _("on startup") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -salvagewallet         " + _("Attempt to recover private keys from a corrupt wallet.dat") + " " + _("on startup") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -sendfreetransactions  " + strprintf(_("Send transactions as zero-fee transactions if possible (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -spendzeroconfchange   " + strprintf(_("Spend unconfirmed change when sending transactions (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -txconfirmtarget=<n>   " + strprintf(_("If paytxfee is not set, include enough fee so transactions are confirmed on average within n blocks (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -upgradewallet         " + _("Upgrade wallet to latest format") + " " + _("on startup") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -wallet=<file>         " + _("Specify wallet file (within data directory)") + " " + strprintf(_("(default: %s)"), "wallet.dat") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -walletnotify=<cmd>    " + _("Execute command when a wallet transaction changes (%s in cmd is replaced by TxID)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -zapwallettxes=<mode>  " + _("Delete all wallet transactions and only recover those parts of the blockchain through -rescan on startup") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "                         " + _("(1 = keep tx meta data e.g. account owner and payment request information, 2 = drop tx meta data)") + "\n";
+    strUsage += CWallet::GetWalletHelpString(showDebug);
 #endif
 
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("Debugging/Testing options:") + "\n";
-    if (GetBoolArg("-help-debug", false))
+#if ENABLE_ZMQ
+    strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("ZeroMQ notification options:"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>", _("Enable publish hash block in <address>"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>", _("Enable publish hash transaction in <address>"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>", _("Enable publish raw block in <address>"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>", _("Enable publish raw transaction in <address>"));
+#endif
+
+    strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Debugging/Testing options:"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-uacomment=<cmt>", _("Append comment to the user agent string"));
+    if (showDebug)
     {
-        strUsage += "  -checkpoints           " + strprintf(_("Only accept block chain matching built-in checkpoints (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -dblogsize=<n>         " + strprintf(_("Flush database activity from memory pool to disk log every <n> megabytes (default: %u)"), 100) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -disablesafemode       " + strprintf(_("Disable safemode, override a real safe mode event (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -testsafemode          " + strprintf(_("Force safe mode (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -dropmessagestest=<n>  " + _("Randomly drop 1 of every <n> network messages") + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -fuzzmessagestest=<n>  " + _("Randomly fuzz 1 of every <n> network messages") + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -flushwallet           " + strprintf(_("Run a thread to flush wallet periodically (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -stopafterblockimport  " + strprintf(_("Stop running after importing blocks from disk (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-checkblockindex", strprintf("Do a full consistency check for mapBlockIndex, setBlockIndexCandidates, chainActive and mapBlocksUnlinked occasionally. Also sets -checkmempool (default: %u)", Params(CBaseChainParams::MAIN).DefaultConsistencyChecks()));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-checkmempool=<n>", strprintf("Run checks every <n> transactions (default: %u)", Params(CBaseChainParams::MAIN).DefaultConsistencyChecks()));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-checkpoints", strprintf("Disable expensive verification for known chain history (default: %u)", DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-disablesafemode", strprintf("Disable safemode, override a real safe mode event (default: %u)", DEFAULT_DISABLE_SAFEMODE));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-testsafemode", strprintf("Force safe mode (default: %u)", DEFAULT_TESTSAFEMODE));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-dropmessagestest=<n>", "Randomly drop 1 of every <n> network messages");
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-fuzzmessagestest=<n>", "Randomly fuzz 1 of every <n> network messages");
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-stopafterblockimport", strprintf("Stop running after importing blocks from disk (default: %u)", DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-limitancestorcount=<n>", strprintf("Do not accept transactions if number of in-mempool ancestors is <n> or more (default: %u)", DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-limitancestorsize=<n>", strprintf("Do not accept transactions whose size with all in-mempool ancestors exceeds <n> kilobytes (default: %u)", DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_SIZE_LIMIT));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-limitdescendantcount=<n>", strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have <n> or more in-mempool descendants (default: %u)", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-limitdescendantsize=<n>", strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have more than <n> kilobytes of in-mempool descendants (default: %u).", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT));
     }
-    strUsage += "  -debug=<category>      " + strprintf(_("Output debugging information (default: %u, supplying <category> is optional)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "                         " + _("If <category> is not supplied, output all debugging information.") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "                         " + _("<category> can be:");
-    strUsage +=                                 " addrman, alert, bench, coindb, db, lock, rand, rpc, selectcoins, mempool, net"; // Don't translate these and qt below
+    string debugCategories = "addrman, alert, bench, coindb, db, http, libevent, lock, mempool, mempoolrej, net, proxy, prune, rand, reindex, rpc, selectcoins, tor, zmq"; // Don't translate these and qt below
     if (mode == HMM_BITCOIN_QT)
-        strUsage += ", qt";
-    strUsage += ".\n";
-#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-    strUsage += "  -gen                   " + strprintf(_("Generate coins (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -genproclimit=<n>      " + strprintf(_("Set the number of threads for coin generation if enabled (-1 = all cores, default: %d)"), 1) + "\n";
-#endif
-    strUsage += "  -help-debug            " + _("Show all debugging options (usage: --help -help-debug)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -logips                " + strprintf(_("Include IP addresses in debug output (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -logtimestamps         " + strprintf(_("Prepend debug output with timestamp (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-    if (GetBoolArg("-help-debug", false))
+        debugCategories += ", qt";
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-debug=<category>", strprintf(_("Output debugging information (default: %u, supplying <category> is optional)"), 0) + ". " +
+        _("If <category> is not supplied or if <category> = 1, output all debugging information.") + _("<category> can be:") + " " + debugCategories + ".");
+    if (showDebug)
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-nodebug", "Turn off debugging messages, same as -debug=0");
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-help-debug", _("Show all debugging options (usage: --help -help-debug)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-logips", strprintf(_("Include IP addresses in debug output (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_LOGIPS));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-logtimestamps", strprintf(_("Prepend debug output with timestamp (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS));
+    if (showDebug)
     {
-        strUsage += "  -limitfreerelay=<n>    " + strprintf(_("Continuously rate-limit free transactions to <n>*1000 bytes per minute (default:%u)"), 15) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -maxsigcachesize=<n>   " + strprintf(_("Limit size of signature cache to <n> entries (default: %u)"), 50000) + "\n";
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-logtimemicros", strprintf("Add microsecond precision to debug timestamps (default: %u)", DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-mocktime=<n>", "Replace actual time with <n> seconds since epoch (default: 0)");
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-limitfreerelay=<n>", strprintf("Continuously rate-limit free transactions to <n>*1000 bytes per minute (default: %u)", DEFAULT_LIMITFREERELAY));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-relaypriority", strprintf("Require high priority for relaying free or low-fee transactions (default: %u)", DEFAULT_RELAYPRIORITY));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxsigcachesize=<n>", strprintf("Limit size of signature cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)", DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxtipage=<n>", strprintf("Maximum tip age in seconds to consider node in initial block download (default: %u)", DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE));
     }
-    strUsage += "  -minrelaytxfee=<amt>   " + strprintf(_("Fees (in BTC/Kb) smaller than this are considered zero fee for relaying (default: %s)"), FormatMoney(::minRelayTxFee.GetFeePerK())) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -printtoconsole        " + _("Send trace/debug info to console instead of debug.log file") + "\n";
-    if (GetBoolArg("-help-debug", false))
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-minrelaytxfee=<amt>", strprintf(_("Fees (in %s/kB) smaller than this are considered zero fee for relaying, mining and transaction creation (default: %s)"),
+        CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE)));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxtxfee=<amt>", strprintf(_("Maximum total fees (in %s) to use in a single wallet transaction or raw transaction; setting this too low may abort large transactions (default: %s)"),
+        CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MAXFEE)));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-printtoconsole", _("Send trace/debug info to console instead of debug.log file"));
+    if (showDebug)
     {
-        strUsage += "  -printpriority         " + strprintf(_("Log transaction priority and fee per kB when mining blocks (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -privdb                " + strprintf(_("Sets the DB_PRIVATE flag in the wallet db environment (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-        strUsage += "  -regtest               " + _("Enter regression test mode, which uses a special chain in which blocks can be solved instantly.") + "\n";
-        strUsage += "                         " + _("This is intended for regression testing tools and app development.") + "\n";
-        strUsage += "                         " + _("In this mode -genproclimit controls how many blocks are generated immediately.") + "\n";
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-printpriority", strprintf("Log transaction priority and fee per kB when mining blocks (default: %u)", DEFAULT_PRINTPRIORITY));
+    }
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-shrinkdebugfile", _("Shrink debug.log file on client startup (default: 1 when no -debug)"));
+
+    AppendParamsHelpMessages(strUsage, showDebug);
+
+    strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Node relay options:"));
+    if (showDebug)
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-acceptnonstdtxn", strprintf("Relay and mine \"non-standard\" transactions (%sdefault: %u)", "testnet/regtest only; ", !Params(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET).RequireStandard()));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-bytespersigop", strprintf(_("Minimum bytes per sigop in transactions we relay and mine (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGOP));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-datacarrier", strprintf(_("Relay and mine data carrier transactions (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-datacarriersize", strprintf(_("Maximum size of data in data carrier transactions we relay and mine (default: %u)"), MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-mempoolreplacement", strprintf(_("Enable transaction replacement in the memory pool (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_ENABLE_REPLACEMENT));
+
+    strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Block creation options:"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blockmaxcost=<n>", strprintf(_("Set maximum BIP141 block cost (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_BLOCK_MAX_COST));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blockmaxsize=<n>", strprintf(_("Set maximum block size in bytes (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_BLOCK_MAX_SIZE));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blockprioritysize=<n>", strprintf(_("Set maximum size of high-priority/low-fee transactions in bytes (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_BLOCK_PRIORITY_SIZE));
+    if (showDebug)
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blockversion=<n>", "Override block version to test forking scenarios");
+
+    strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("RPC server options:"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-server", _("Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rest", strprintf(_("Accept public REST requests (default: %u)"), DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcbind=<addr>", _("Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. This option can be specified multiple times (default: bind to all interfaces)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpccookiefile=<loc>", _("Location of the auth cookie (default: data dir)"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcuser=<user>", _("Username for JSON-RPC connections"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcpassword=<pw>", _("Password for JSON-RPC connections"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcauth=<userpw>", _("Username and hashed password for JSON-RPC connections. The field <userpw> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<SALT>$<HASH>. A canonical python script is included in share/rpcuser. This option can be specified multiple times"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcport=<port>", strprintf(_("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on <port> (default: %u or testnet: %u)"), BaseParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN).RPCPort(), BaseParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET).RPCPort()));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcallowip=<ip>", _("Allow JSON-RPC connections from specified source. Valid for <ip> are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24). This option can be specified multiple times"));
+    strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcthreads=<n>", strprintf(_("Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_HTTP_THREADS));
+    if (showDebug) {
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcworkqueue=<n>", strprintf("Set the depth of the work queue to service RPC calls (default: %d)", DEFAULT_HTTP_WORKQUEUE));
+        strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcservertimeout=<n>", strprintf("Timeout during HTTP requests (default: %d)", DEFAULT_HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT));
     }
-    strUsage += "  -shrinkdebugfile       " + _("Shrink debug.log file on client startup (default: 1 when no -debug)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -testnet               " + _("Use the test network") + "\n";
-
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("Node relay options:") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -datacarrier           " + strprintf(_("Relay and mine data carrier transactions (default: %u)"), 1) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -datacarriersize       " + strprintf(_("Maximum size of data in data carrier transactions we relay and mine (default: %u)"), MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY) + "\n";
-
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("Block creation options:") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -blockminsize=<n>      " + strprintf(_("Set minimum block size in bytes (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -blockmaxsize=<n>      " + strprintf(_("Set maximum block size in bytes (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_BLOCK_MAX_SIZE) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -blockprioritysize=<n> " + strprintf(_("Set maximum size of high-priority/low-fee transactions in bytes (default: %d)"), DEFAULT_BLOCK_PRIORITY_SIZE) + "\n";
-
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("RPC server options:") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -server                " + _("Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rest                  " + strprintf(_("Accept public REST requests (default: %u)"), 0) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcbind=<addr>        " + _("Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. This option can be specified multiple times (default: bind to all interfaces)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcuser=<user>        " + _("Username for JSON-RPC connections") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcpassword=<pw>      " + _("Password for JSON-RPC connections") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcport=<port>        " + strprintf(_("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on <port> (default: %u or testnet: %u)"), 8332, 18332) + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcallowip=<ip>       " + _("Allow JSON-RPC connections from specified source. Valid for <ip> are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24). This option can be specified multiple times") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcthreads=<n>        " + strprintf(_("Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: %d)"), 4) + "\n";
-
-    strUsage += "\n" + _("RPC SSL options: (see the Bitcoin Wiki for SSL setup instructions)") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcssl                                  " + _("Use OpenSSL (https) for JSON-RPC connections") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcsslcertificatechainfile=<file.cert>  " + strprintf(_("Server certificate file (default: %s)"), "server.cert") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcsslprivatekeyfile=<file.pem>         " + strprintf(_("Server private key (default: %s)"), "server.pem") + "\n";
-    strUsage += "  -rpcsslciphers=<ciphers>                 " + strprintf(_("Acceptable ciphers (default: %s)"), "TLSv1.2+HIGH:TLSv1+HIGH:!SSLv2:!aNULL:!eNULL:!3DES:@STRENGTH") + "\n";
 
     return strUsage;
 }
 
 std::string LicenseInfo()
 {
-    return FormatParagraph(strprintf(_("Copyright (C) 2009-%i The Bitcoin Core Developers"), COPYRIGHT_YEAR)) + "\n" +
+    const std::string URL_SOURCE_CODE = "<https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin>";
+    const std::string URL_WEBSITE = "<https://bitcoincore.org>";
+    // todo: remove urls from translations on next change
+    return CopyrightHolders(strprintf(_("Copyright (C) %i-%i"), 2009, COPYRIGHT_YEAR) + " ") + "\n" +
            "\n" +
-           FormatParagraph(_("This is experimental software.")) + "\n" +
+           strprintf(_("Please contribute if you find %s useful. "
+                       "Visit %s for further information about the software."),
+               PACKAGE_NAME, URL_WEBSITE) +
            "\n" +
-           FormatParagraph(_("Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying file COPYING or <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>.")) + "\n" +
+           strprintf(_("The source code is available from %s."),
+               URL_SOURCE_CODE) +
            "\n" +
-           FormatParagraph(_("This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit <https://www.openssl.org/> and cryptographic software written by Eric Young and UPnP software written by Thomas Bernard.")) +
+           "\n" +
+           _("This is experimental software.") + "\n" +
+           _("Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying file COPYING or <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>.") + "\n" +
+           "\n" +
+           _("This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit <https://www.openssl.org/> and cryptographic software written by Eric Young and UPnP software written by Thomas Bernard.") +
            "\n";
 }
 
-static void BlockNotifyCallback(const uint256& hashNewTip)
+static void BlockNotifyCallback(bool initialSync, const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex)
 {
+    if (initialSync || !pBlockIndex)
+        return;
+
     std::string strCmd = GetArg("-blocknotify", "");
 
-    boost::replace_all(strCmd, "%s", hashNewTip.GetHex());
+    boost::replace_all(strCmd, "%s", pBlockIndex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
     boost::thread t(runCommand, strCmd); // thread runs free
 }
 
@@ -400,13 +523,57 @@ struct CImportingNow
     }
 };
 
+
+// If we're using -prune with -reindex, then delete block files that will be ignored by the
+// reindex.  Since reindexing works by starting at block file 0 and looping until a blockfile
+// is missing, do the same here to delete any later block files after a gap.  Also delete all
+// rev files since they'll be rewritten by the reindex anyway.  This ensures that vinfoBlockFile
+// is in sync with what's actually on disk by the time we start downloading, so that pruning
+// works correctly.
+void CleanupBlockRevFiles()
+{
+    using namespace boost::filesystem;
+    map<string, path> mapBlockFiles;
+
+    // Glob all blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files from the blocks directory.
+    // Remove the rev files immediately and insert the blk file paths into an
+    // ordered map keyed by block file index.
+    LogPrintf("Removing unusable blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files for -reindex with -prune\n");
+    path blocksdir = GetDataDir() / "blocks";
+    for (directory_iterator it(blocksdir); it != directory_iterator(); it++) {
+        if (is_regular_file(*it) &&
+            it->path().filename().string().length() == 12 &&
+            it->path().filename().string().substr(8,4) == ".dat")
+        {
+            if (it->path().filename().string().substr(0,3) == "blk")
+                mapBlockFiles[it->path().filename().string().substr(3,5)] = it->path();
+            else if (it->path().filename().string().substr(0,3) == "rev")
+                remove(it->path());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Remove all block files that aren't part of a contiguous set starting at
+    // zero by walking the ordered map (keys are block file indices) by
+    // keeping a separate counter.  Once we hit a gap (or if 0 doesn't exist)
+    // start removing block files.
+    int nContigCounter = 0;
+    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(string, path)& item, mapBlockFiles) {
+        if (atoi(item.first) == nContigCounter) {
+            nContigCounter++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        remove(item.second);
+    }
+}
+
 void ThreadImport(std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vImportFiles)
 {
+    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
     RenameThread("bitcoin-loadblk");
+    CImportingNow imp;
 
     // -reindex
     if (fReindex) {
-        CImportingNow imp;
         int nFile = 0;
         while (true) {
             CDiskBlockPos pos(nFile, 0);
@@ -416,25 +583,24 @@ void ThreadImport(std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vImportFiles)
             if (!file)
                 break; // This error is logged in OpenBlockFile
             LogPrintf("Reindexing block file blk%05u.dat...\n", (unsigned int)nFile);
-            LoadExternalBlockFile(file, &pos);
+            LoadExternalBlockFile(chainparams, file, &pos);
             nFile++;
         }
         pblocktree->WriteReindexing(false);
         fReindex = false;
         LogPrintf("Reindexing finished\n");
         // To avoid ending up in a situation without genesis block, re-try initializing (no-op if reindexing worked):
-        InitBlockIndex();
+        InitBlockIndex(chainparams);
     }
 
     // hardcoded $DATADIR/bootstrap.dat
-    filesystem::path pathBootstrap = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat";
-    if (filesystem::exists(pathBootstrap)) {
+    boost::filesystem::path pathBootstrap = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat";
+    if (boost::filesystem::exists(pathBootstrap)) {
         FILE *file = fopen(pathBootstrap.string().c_str(), "rb");
         if (file) {
-            CImportingNow imp;
-            filesystem::path pathBootstrapOld = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat.old";
+            boost::filesystem::path pathBootstrapOld = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat.old";
             LogPrintf("Importing bootstrap.dat...\n");
-            LoadExternalBlockFile(file);
+            LoadExternalBlockFile(chainparams, file);
             RenameOver(pathBootstrap, pathBootstrapOld);
         } else {
             LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open bootstrap file %s\n", pathBootstrap.string());
@@ -442,18 +608,24 @@ void ThreadImport(std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vImportFiles)
     }
 
     // -loadblock=
-    BOOST_FOREACH(boost::filesystem::path &path, vImportFiles) {
+    BOOST_FOREACH(const boost::filesystem::path& path, vImportFiles) {
         FILE *file = fopen(path.string().c_str(), "rb");
         if (file) {
-            CImportingNow imp;
             LogPrintf("Importing blocks file %s...\n", path.string());
-            LoadExternalBlockFile(file);
+            LoadExternalBlockFile(chainparams, file);
         } else {
             LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open blocks file %s\n", path.string());
         }
     }
 
-    if (GetBoolArg("-stopafterblockimport", false)) {
+    // scan for better chains in the block chain database, that are not yet connected in the active best chain
+    CValidationState state;
+    if (!ActivateBestChain(state, chainparams)) {
+        LogPrintf("Failed to connect best block");
+        StartShutdown();
+    }
+
+    if (GetBoolArg("-stopafterblockimport", DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT)) {
         LogPrintf("Stopping after block import\n");
         StartShutdown();
     }
@@ -466,8 +638,7 @@ void ThreadImport(std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vImportFiles)
 bool InitSanityCheck(void)
 {
     if(!ECC_InitSanityCheck()) {
-        InitError("OpenSSL appears to lack support for elliptic curve cryptography. For more "
-                  "information, visit https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/OpenSSL_and_EC_Libraries");
+        InitError("Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting.");
         return false;
     }
     if (!glibc_sanity_test() || !glibcxx_sanity_test())
@@ -476,10 +647,123 @@ bool InitSanityCheck(void)
     return true;
 }
 
+bool AppInitServers(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
+{
+    RPCServer::OnStopped(&OnRPCStopped);
+    RPCServer::OnPreCommand(&OnRPCPreCommand);
+    if (!InitHTTPServer())
+        return false;
+    if (!StartRPC())
+        return false;
+    if (!StartHTTPRPC())
+        return false;
+    if (GetBoolArg("-rest", DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE) && !StartREST())
+        return false;
+    if (!StartHTTPServer())
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Parameter interaction based on rules
+void InitParameterInteraction()
+{
+    // when specifying an explicit binding address, you want to listen on it
+    // even when -connect or -proxy is specified
+    if (mapArgs.count("-bind")) {
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -bind set -> setting -listen=1\n", __func__);
+    }
+    if (mapArgs.count("-whitebind")) {
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitebind set -> setting -listen=1\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (mapArgs.count("-connect") && mapMultiArgs["-connect"].size() > 0) {
+        // when only connecting to trusted nodes, do not seed via DNS, or listen by default
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-dnsseed", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting -dnsseed=0\n", __func__);
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting -listen=0\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (mapArgs.count("-proxy")) {
+        // to protect privacy, do not listen by default if a default proxy server is specified
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -listen=0\n", __func__);
+        // to protect privacy, do not use UPNP when a proxy is set. The user may still specify -listen=1
+        // to listen locally, so don't rely on this happening through -listen below.
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -upnp=0\n", __func__);
+        // to protect privacy, do not discover addresses by default
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -discover=0\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (!GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
+        // do not map ports or try to retrieve public IP when not listening (pointless)
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -upnp=0\n", __func__);
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -discover=0\n", __func__);
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listenonion", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -listenonion=0\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (mapArgs.count("-externalip")) {
+        // if an explicit public IP is specified, do not try to find others
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -externalip set -> setting -discover=0\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (GetBoolArg("-salvagewallet", false)) {
+        // Rewrite just private keys: rescan to find transactions
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -salvagewallet=1 -> setting -rescan=1\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    // -zapwallettx implies a rescan
+    if (GetBoolArg("-zapwallettxes", false)) {
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -zapwallettxes=<mode> -> setting -rescan=1\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    // disable walletbroadcast and whitelistrelay in blocksonly mode
+    if (GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY)) {
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting -whitelistrelay=0\n", __func__);
+#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-walletbroadcast", false))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting -walletbroadcast=0\n", __func__);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Forcing relay from whitelisted hosts implies we will accept relays from them in the first place.
+    if (GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY)) {
+        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", true))
+            LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> setting -whitelistrelay=1\n", __func__);
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string ResolveErrMsg(const char * const optname, const std::string& strBind)
+{
+    return strprintf(_("Cannot resolve -%s address: '%s'"), optname, strBind);
+}
+
+void InitLogging()
+{
+    fPrintToConsole = GetBoolArg("-printtoconsole", false);
+    fLogTimestamps = GetBoolArg("-logtimestamps", DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS);
+    fLogTimeMicros = GetBoolArg("-logtimemicros", DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS);
+    fLogIPs = GetBoolArg("-logips", DEFAULT_LOGIPS);
+
+    LogPrintf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");
+    LogPrintf("Bitcoin version %s\n", FormatFullVersion());
+}
+
 /** Initialize bitcoin.
  *  @pre Parameters should be parsed and config file should be read.
  */
-bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
+bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup, CScheduler& scheduler)
 {
     // ********************************************************* Step 1: setup
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -503,21 +787,16 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PSETPROCDEPPOL)(DWORD);
     PSETPROCDEPPOL setProcDEPPol = (PSETPROCDEPPOL)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("Kernel32.dll"), "SetProcessDEPPolicy");
     if (setProcDEPPol != NULL) setProcDEPPol(PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE);
-
-    // Initialize Windows Sockets
-    WSADATA wsadata;
-    int ret = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsadata);
-    if (ret != NO_ERROR || LOBYTE(wsadata.wVersion ) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsadata.wVersion) != 2)
-    {
-        return InitError(strprintf("Error: Winsock library failed to start (WSAStartup returned error %d)", ret));
-    }
 #endif
-#ifndef WIN32
 
+    if (!SetupNetworking())
+        return InitError("Initializing networking failed");
+
+#ifndef WIN32
     if (GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
         if (!GetBoolArg("-disablewallet", false))
-            return InitError("Error: -sysperms is not allowed in combination with enabled wallet functionality");
+            return InitError("-sysperms is not allowed in combination with enabled wallet functionality");
 #endif
     } else {
         umask(077);
@@ -538,77 +817,40 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     sa_hup.sa_flags = 0;
     sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_hup, NULL);
 
-#if defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)
-    // ignore SIGPIPE on Solaris
+    // Ignore SIGPIPE, otherwise it will bring the daemon down if the client closes unexpectedly
     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 #endif
-#endif
 
     // ********************************************************* Step 2: parameter interactions
-    // Set this early so that parameter interactions go to console
-    fPrintToConsole = GetBoolArg("-printtoconsole", false);
-    fLogTimestamps = GetBoolArg("-logtimestamps", true);
-    fLogIPs = GetBoolArg("-logips", false);
+    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
 
-    if (mapArgs.count("-bind") || mapArgs.count("-whitebind")) {
-        // when specifying an explicit binding address, you want to listen on it
-        // even when -connect or -proxy is specified
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -bind or -whitebind set -> setting -listen=1\n");
-    }
-
-    if (mapArgs.count("-connect") && mapMultiArgs["-connect"].size() > 0) {
-        // when only connecting to trusted nodes, do not seed via DNS, or listen by default
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-dnsseed", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting -dnsseed=0\n");
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting -listen=0\n");
-    }
+    // also see: InitParameterInteraction()
 
-    if (mapArgs.count("-proxy")) {
-        // to protect privacy, do not listen by default if a default proxy server is specified
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -listen=0\n");
-        // to protect privacy, do not discover addresses by default
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -discover=0\n");
-    }
-
-    if (!GetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
-        // do not map ports or try to retrieve public IP when not listening (pointless)
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -upnp=0\n");
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -discover=0\n");
-    }
-
-    if (mapArgs.count("-externalip")) {
-        // if an explicit public IP is specified, do not try to find others
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -externalip set -> setting -discover=0\n");
-    }
-
-    if (GetBoolArg("-salvagewallet", false)) {
-        // Rewrite just private keys: rescan to find transactions
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -salvagewallet=1 -> setting -rescan=1\n");
-    }
-
-    // -zapwallettx implies a rescan
-    if (GetBoolArg("-zapwallettxes", false)) {
-        if (SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true))
-            LogPrintf("AppInit2 : parameter interaction: -zapwallettxes=<mode> -> setting -rescan=1\n");
+    // if using block pruning, then disable txindex
+    if (GetArg("-prune", 0)) {
+        if (GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX))
+            return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex."));
+#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
+        if (GetBoolArg("-rescan", false)) {
+            return InitError(_("Rescans are not possible in pruned mode. You will need to use -reindex which will download the whole blockchain again."));
+        }
+#endif
     }
 
     // Make sure enough file descriptors are available
     int nBind = std::max((int)mapArgs.count("-bind") + (int)mapArgs.count("-whitebind"), 1);
-    nMaxConnections = GetArg("-maxconnections", 125);
+    int nUserMaxConnections = GetArg("-maxconnections", DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS);
+    nMaxConnections = std::max(nUserMaxConnections, 0);
+
+    // Trim requested connection counts, to fit into system limitations
     nMaxConnections = std::max(std::min(nMaxConnections, (int)(FD_SETSIZE - nBind - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS)), 0);
     int nFD = RaiseFileDescriptorLimit(nMaxConnections + MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS);
     if (nFD < MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS)
         return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available."));
-    if (nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS < nMaxConnections)
-        nMaxConnections = nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS;
+    nMaxConnections = std::min(nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS, nMaxConnections);
+
+    if (nMaxConnections < nUserMaxConnections)
+        InitWarning(strprintf(_("Reducing -maxconnections from %d to %d, because of system limitations."), nUserMaxConnections, nMaxConnections));
 
     // ********************************************************* Step 3: parameter-to-internal-flags
 
@@ -620,45 +862,73 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
 
     // Check for -debugnet
     if (GetBoolArg("-debugnet", false))
-        InitWarning(_("Warning: Unsupported argument -debugnet ignored, use -debug=net."));
+        InitWarning(_("Unsupported argument -debugnet ignored, use -debug=net."));
     // Check for -socks - as this is a privacy risk to continue, exit here
     if (mapArgs.count("-socks"))
-        return InitError(_("Error: Unsupported argument -socks found. Setting SOCKS version isn't possible anymore, only SOCKS5 proxies are supported."));
+        return InitError(_("Unsupported argument -socks found. Setting SOCKS version isn't possible anymore, only SOCKS5 proxies are supported."));
     // Check for -tor - as this is a privacy risk to continue, exit here
     if (GetBoolArg("-tor", false))
-        return InitError(_("Error: Unsupported argument -tor found, use -onion."));
+        return InitError(_("Unsupported argument -tor found, use -onion."));
 
     if (GetBoolArg("-benchmark", false))
-        InitWarning(_("Warning: Unsupported argument -benchmark ignored, use -debug=bench."));
+        InitWarning(_("Unsupported argument -benchmark ignored, use -debug=bench."));
 
-    // Checkmempool defaults to true in regtest mode
-    mempool.setSanityCheck(GetBoolArg("-checkmempool", Params().DefaultCheckMemPool()));
-    Checkpoints::fEnabled = GetBoolArg("-checkpoints", true);
+    if (GetBoolArg("-whitelistalwaysrelay", false))
+        InitWarning(_("Unsupported argument -whitelistalwaysrelay ignored, use -whitelistrelay and/or -whitelistforcerelay."));
+
+    if (mapArgs.count("-blockminsize"))
+        InitWarning("Unsupported argument -blockminsize ignored.");
+
+    // Checkmempool and checkblockindex default to true in regtest mode
+    int ratio = std::min<int>(std::max<int>(GetArg("-checkmempool", chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks() ? 1 : 0), 0), 1000000);
+    if (ratio != 0) {
+        mempool.setSanityCheck(1.0 / ratio);
+    }
+    fCheckBlockIndex = GetBoolArg("-checkblockindex", chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks());
+    fCheckpointsEnabled = GetBoolArg("-checkpoints", DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED);
+
+    // mempool limits
+    int64_t nMempoolSizeMax = GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
+    int64_t nMempoolSizeMin = GetArg("-limitdescendantsize", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT) * 1000 * 40;
+    if (nMempoolSizeMax < 0 || nMempoolSizeMax < nMempoolSizeMin)
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB"), std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
 
     // -par=0 means autodetect, but nScriptCheckThreads==0 means no concurrency
     nScriptCheckThreads = GetArg("-par", DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
     if (nScriptCheckThreads <= 0)
-        nScriptCheckThreads += boost::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+        nScriptCheckThreads += GetNumCores();
     if (nScriptCheckThreads <= 1)
         nScriptCheckThreads = 0;
     else if (nScriptCheckThreads > MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS)
         nScriptCheckThreads = MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS;
 
     fServer = GetBoolArg("-server", false);
+
+    // block pruning; get the amount of disk space (in MiB) to allot for block & undo files
+    int64_t nSignedPruneTarget = GetArg("-prune", 0) * 1024 * 1024;
+    if (nSignedPruneTarget < 0) {
+        return InitError(_("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value."));
+    }
+    nPruneTarget = (uint64_t) nSignedPruneTarget;
+    if (nPruneTarget) {
+        if (nPruneTarget < MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES) {
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("Prune configured below the minimum of %d MiB.  Please use a higher number."), MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
+        }
+        LogPrintf("Prune configured to target %uMiB on disk for block and undo files.\n", nPruneTarget / 1024 / 1024);
+        fPruneMode = true;
+    }
+
+    RegisterAllCoreRPCCommands(tableRPC);
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     bool fDisableWallet = GetBoolArg("-disablewallet", false);
+    if (!fDisableWallet)
+        RegisterWalletRPCCommands(tableRPC);
 #endif
 
     nConnectTimeout = GetArg("-timeout", DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (nConnectTimeout <= 0)
         nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
 
-    // Continue to put "/P2SH/" in the coinbase to monitor
-    // BIP16 support.
-    // This can be removed eventually...
-    const char* pszP2SH = "/P2SH/";
-    COINBASE_FLAGS << std::vector<unsigned char>(pszP2SH, pszP2SH+strlen(pszP2SH));
-
     // Fee-per-kilobyte amount considered the same as "free"
     // If you are mining, be careful setting this:
     // if you set it to zero then
@@ -671,72 +941,74 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
         if (ParseMoney(mapArgs["-minrelaytxfee"], n) && n > 0)
             ::minRelayTxFee = CFeeRate(n);
         else
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid amount for -minrelaytxfee=<amount>: '%s'"), mapArgs["-minrelaytxfee"]));
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("minrelaytxfee", mapArgs["-minrelaytxfee"]));
     }
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-    if (mapArgs.count("-mintxfee"))
-    {
-        CAmount n = 0;
-        if (ParseMoney(mapArgs["-mintxfee"], n) && n > 0)
-            CWallet::minTxFee = CFeeRate(n);
-        else
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid amount for -mintxfee=<amount>: '%s'"), mapArgs["-mintxfee"]));
-    }
-    if (mapArgs.count("-paytxfee"))
-    {
-        CAmount nFeePerK = 0;
-        if (!ParseMoney(mapArgs["-paytxfee"], nFeePerK))
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid amount for -paytxfee=<amount>: '%s'"), mapArgs["-paytxfee"]));
-        if (nFeePerK > nHighTransactionFeeWarning)
-            InitWarning(_("Warning: -paytxfee is set very high! This is the transaction fee you will pay if you send a transaction."));
-        payTxFee = CFeeRate(nFeePerK, 1000);
-        if (payTxFee < ::minRelayTxFee)
-        {
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid amount for -paytxfee=<amount>: '%s' (must be at least %s)"),
-                                       mapArgs["-paytxfee"], ::minRelayTxFee.ToString()));
-        }
-    }
-    nTxConfirmTarget = GetArg("-txconfirmtarget", 1);
-    bSpendZeroConfChange = GetArg("-spendzeroconfchange", true);
-    fSendFreeTransactions = GetArg("-sendfreetransactions", false);
+    fRequireStandard = !GetBoolArg("-acceptnonstdtxn", !Params().RequireStandard());
+    if (Params().RequireStandard() && !fRequireStandard)
+        return InitError(strprintf("acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain", chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
+    nBytesPerSigOp = GetArg("-bytespersigop", nBytesPerSigOp);
 
-    std::string strWalletFile = GetArg("-wallet", "wallet.dat");
+#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
+    if (!CWallet::ParameterInteraction())
+        return false;
 #endif // ENABLE_WALLET
 
-    fIsBareMultisigStd = GetArg("-permitbaremultisig", true) != 0;
+    fIsBareMultisigStd = GetBoolArg("-permitbaremultisig", DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG);
+    fAcceptDatacarrier = GetBoolArg("-datacarrier", DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER);
     nMaxDatacarrierBytes = GetArg("-datacarriersize", nMaxDatacarrierBytes);
 
+    // Option to startup with mocktime set (used for regression testing):
+    SetMockTime(GetArg("-mocktime", 0)); // SetMockTime(0) is a no-op
+
+    if (GetBoolArg("-peerbloomfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS))
+        nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BLOOM);
+
+    nMaxTipAge = GetArg("-maxtipage", DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE);
+
+    fEnableReplacement = GetBoolArg("-mempoolreplacement", DEFAULT_ENABLE_REPLACEMENT);
+    if ((!fEnableReplacement) && mapArgs.count("-mempoolreplacement")) {
+        // Minimal effort at forwards compatibility
+        std::string strReplacementModeList = GetArg("-mempoolreplacement", "");  // default is impossible
+        std::vector<std::string> vstrReplacementModes;
+        boost::split(vstrReplacementModes, strReplacementModeList, boost::is_any_of(","));
+        fEnableReplacement = (std::find(vstrReplacementModes.begin(), vstrReplacementModes.end(), "fee") != vstrReplacementModes.end());
+    }
+
     // ********************************************************* Step 4: application initialization: dir lock, daemonize, pidfile, debug log
 
+    // Initialize elliptic curve code
+    ECC_Start();
+    globalVerifyHandle.reset(new ECCVerifyHandle());
+
     // Sanity check
     if (!InitSanityCheck())
-        return InitError(_("Initialization sanity check failed. Bitcoin Core is shutting down."));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down."), _(PACKAGE_NAME)));
 
     std::string strDataDir = GetDataDir().string();
-#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-    // Wallet file must be a plain filename without a directory
-    if (strWalletFile != boost::filesystem::basename(strWalletFile) + boost::filesystem::extension(strWalletFile))
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Wallet %s resides outside data directory %s"), strWalletFile, strDataDir));
-#endif
+
     // Make sure only a single Bitcoin process is using the data directory.
     boost::filesystem::path pathLockFile = GetDataDir() / ".lock";
     FILE* file = fopen(pathLockFile.string().c_str(), "a"); // empty lock file; created if it doesn't exist.
     if (file) fclose(file);
-    static boost::interprocess::file_lock lock(pathLockFile.string().c_str());
-    if (!lock.try_lock())
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory %s. Bitcoin Core is probably already running."), strDataDir));
+
+    try {
+        static boost::interprocess::file_lock lock(pathLockFile.string().c_str());
+        if (!lock.try_lock())
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory %s. %s is probably already running."), strDataDir, _(PACKAGE_NAME)));
+    } catch(const boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception& e) {
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory %s. %s is probably already running.") + " %s.", strDataDir, _(PACKAGE_NAME), e.what()));
+    }
+
 #ifndef WIN32
     CreatePidFile(GetPidFile(), getpid());
 #endif
     if (GetBoolArg("-shrinkdebugfile", !fDebug))
         ShrinkDebugFile();
-    LogPrintf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");
-    LogPrintf("Bitcoin version %s (%s)\n", FormatFullVersion(), CLIENT_DATE);
-    LogPrintf("Using OpenSSL version %s\n", SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
-#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-    LogPrintf("Using BerkeleyDB version %s\n", DbEnv::version(0, 0, 0));
-#endif
+
+    if (fPrintToDebugLog)
+        OpenDebugLog();
+
     if (!fLogTimestamps)
         LogPrintf("Startup time: %s\n", DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", GetTime()));
     LogPrintf("Default data directory %s\n", GetDefaultDataDir().string());
@@ -751,6 +1023,10 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
             threadGroup.create_thread(&ThreadScriptCheck);
     }
 
+    // Start the lightweight task scheduler thread
+    CScheduler::Function serviceLoop = boost::bind(&CScheduler::serviceQueue, &scheduler);
+    threadGroup.create_thread(boost::bind(&TraceThread<CScheduler::Function>, "scheduler", serviceLoop));
+
     /* Start the RPC server already.  It will be started in "warmup" mode
      * and not really process calls already (but it will signify connections
      * that the server is there and will be ready later).  Warmup mode will
@@ -759,7 +1035,8 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     if (fServer)
     {
         uiInterface.InitMessage.connect(SetRPCWarmupStatus);
-        StartRPCThreads();
+        if (!AppInitServers(threadGroup))
+            return InitError(_("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details."));
     }
 
     int64_t nStart;
@@ -767,59 +1044,31 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     // ********************************************************* Step 5: verify wallet database integrity
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     if (!fDisableWallet) {
-        LogPrintf("Using wallet %s\n", strWalletFile);
-        uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Verifying wallet..."));
-
-        if (!bitdb.Open(GetDataDir()))
-        {
-            // try moving the database env out of the way
-            boost::filesystem::path pathDatabase = GetDataDir() / "database";
-            boost::filesystem::path pathDatabaseBak = GetDataDir() / strprintf("database.%d.bak", GetTime());
-            try {
-                boost::filesystem::rename(pathDatabase, pathDatabaseBak);
-                LogPrintf("Moved old %s to %s. Retrying.\n", pathDatabase.string(), pathDatabaseBak.string());
-            } catch(boost::filesystem::filesystem_error &error) {
-                 // failure is ok (well, not really, but it's not worse than what we started with)
-            }
-
-            // try again
-            if (!bitdb.Open(GetDataDir())) {
-                // if it still fails, it probably means we can't even create the database env
-                string msg = strprintf(_("Error initializing wallet database environment %s!"), strDataDir);
-                return InitError(msg);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (GetBoolArg("-salvagewallet", false))
-        {
-            // Recover readable keypairs:
-            if (!CWalletDB::Recover(bitdb, strWalletFile, true))
-                return false;
-        }
-
-        if (filesystem::exists(GetDataDir() / strWalletFile))
-        {
-            CDBEnv::VerifyResult r = bitdb.Verify(strWalletFile, CWalletDB::Recover);
-            if (r == CDBEnv::RECOVER_OK)
-            {
-                string msg = strprintf(_("Warning: wallet.dat corrupt, data salvaged!"
-                                         " Original wallet.dat saved as wallet.{timestamp}.bak in %s; if"
-                                         " your balance or transactions are incorrect you should"
-                                         " restore from a backup."), strDataDir);
-                InitWarning(msg);
-            }
-            if (r == CDBEnv::RECOVER_FAIL)
-                return InitError(_("wallet.dat corrupt, salvage failed"));
-        }
+        if (!CWallet::Verify())
+            return false;
     } // (!fDisableWallet)
 #endif // ENABLE_WALLET
     // ********************************************************* Step 6: network initialization
 
     RegisterNodeSignals(GetNodeSignals());
 
+    // sanitize comments per BIP-0014, format user agent and check total size
+    std::vector<string> uacomments;
+    BOOST_FOREACH(string cmt, mapMultiArgs["-uacomment"])
+    {
+        if (cmt != SanitizeString(cmt, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT))
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters."), cmt));
+        uacomments.push_back(SanitizeString(cmt, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT));
+    }
+    strSubVersion = FormatSubVersion(CLIENT_NAME, CLIENT_VERSION, uacomments);
+    if (strSubVersion.size() > MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH) {
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Total length of network version string (%i) exceeds maximum length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments."),
+            strSubVersion.size(), MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH));
+    }
+
     if (mapArgs.count("-onlynet")) {
         std::set<enum Network> nets;
-        BOOST_FOREACH(std::string snet, mapMultiArgs["-onlynet"]) {
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string& snet, mapMultiArgs["-onlynet"]) {
             enum Network net = ParseNetwork(snet);
             if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE)
                 return InitError(strprintf(_("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'"), snet));
@@ -841,51 +1090,58 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
         }
     }
 
-    CService addrProxy;
-    bool fProxy = false;
-    if (mapArgs.count("-proxy")) {
-        addrProxy = CService(mapArgs["-proxy"], 9050);
+    bool proxyRandomize = GetBoolArg("-proxyrandomize", DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE);
+    // -proxy sets a proxy for all outgoing network traffic
+    // -noproxy (or -proxy=0) as well as the empty string can be used to not set a proxy, this is the default
+    std::string proxyArg = GetArg("-proxy", "");
+    SetLimited(NET_TOR);
+    if (proxyArg != "" && proxyArg != "0") {
+        proxyType addrProxy = proxyType(CService(proxyArg, 9050), proxyRandomize);
         if (!addrProxy.IsValid())
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address: '%s'"), mapArgs["-proxy"]));
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address: '%s'"), proxyArg));
 
         SetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_IPV6, addrProxy);
+        SetProxy(NET_TOR, addrProxy);
         SetNameProxy(addrProxy);
-        fProxy = true;
+        SetLimited(NET_TOR, false); // by default, -proxy sets onion as reachable, unless -noonion later
     }
 
-    // -onion can override normal proxy, -noonion disables tor entirely
-    if (!(mapArgs.count("-onion") && mapArgs["-onion"] == "0") &&
-        (fProxy || mapArgs.count("-onion"))) {
-        CService addrOnion;
-        if (!mapArgs.count("-onion"))
-            addrOnion = addrProxy;
-        else
-            addrOnion = CService(mapArgs["-onion"], 9050);
-        if (!addrOnion.IsValid())
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address: '%s'"), mapArgs["-onion"]));
-        SetProxy(NET_TOR, addrOnion);
-        SetReachable(NET_TOR);
+    // -onion can be used to set only a proxy for .onion, or override normal proxy for .onion addresses
+    // -noonion (or -onion=0) disables connecting to .onion entirely
+    // An empty string is used to not override the onion proxy (in which case it defaults to -proxy set above, or none)
+    std::string onionArg = GetArg("-onion", "");
+    if (onionArg != "") {
+        if (onionArg == "0") { // Handle -noonion/-onion=0
+            SetLimited(NET_TOR); // set onions as unreachable
+        } else {
+            proxyType addrOnion = proxyType(CService(onionArg, 9050), proxyRandomize);
+            if (!addrOnion.IsValid())
+                return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address: '%s'"), onionArg));
+            SetProxy(NET_TOR, addrOnion);
+            SetLimited(NET_TOR, false);
+        }
     }
 
     // see Step 2: parameter interactions for more information about these
     fListen = GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN);
     fDiscover = GetBoolArg("-discover", true);
-    fNameLookup = GetBoolArg("-dns", true);
+    fNameLookup = GetBoolArg("-dns", DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP);
+    fRelayTxes = !GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY);
 
     bool fBound = false;
     if (fListen) {
         if (mapArgs.count("-bind") || mapArgs.count("-whitebind")) {
-            BOOST_FOREACH(std::string strBind, mapMultiArgs["-bind"]) {
+            BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string& strBind, mapMultiArgs["-bind"]) {
                 CService addrBind;
                 if (!Lookup(strBind.c_str(), addrBind, GetListenPort(), false))
-                    return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot resolve -bind address: '%s'"), strBind));
+                    return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("bind", strBind));
                 fBound |= Bind(addrBind, (BF_EXPLICIT | BF_REPORT_ERROR));
             }
-            BOOST_FOREACH(std::string strBind, mapMultiArgs["-whitebind"]) {
+            BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string& strBind, mapMultiArgs["-whitebind"]) {
                 CService addrBind;
                 if (!Lookup(strBind.c_str(), addrBind, 0, false))
-                    return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot resolve -whitebind address: '%s'"), strBind));
+                    return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("whitebind", strBind));
                 if (addrBind.GetPort() == 0)
                     return InitError(strprintf(_("Need to specify a port with -whitebind: '%s'"), strBind));
                 fBound |= Bind(addrBind, (BF_EXPLICIT | BF_REPORT_ERROR | BF_WHITELIST));
@@ -902,39 +1158,52 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     }
 
     if (mapArgs.count("-externalip")) {
-        BOOST_FOREACH(string strAddr, mapMultiArgs["-externalip"]) {
-            CService addrLocal(strAddr, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup);
-            if (!addrLocal.IsValid())
-                return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot resolve -externalip address: '%s'"), strAddr));
-            AddLocal(CService(strAddr, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup), LOCAL_MANUAL);
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string& strAddr, mapMultiArgs["-externalip"]) {
+            CService addrLocal;
+            if (Lookup(strAddr.c_str(), addrLocal, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup) && addrLocal.IsValid())
+                AddLocal(addrLocal, LOCAL_MANUAL);
+            else
+                return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr));
         }
     }
 
-    BOOST_FOREACH(string strDest, mapMultiArgs["-seednode"])
+    BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string& strDest, mapMultiArgs["-seednode"])
         AddOneShot(strDest);
 
+#if ENABLE_ZMQ
+    pzmqNotificationInterface = CZMQNotificationInterface::CreateWithArguments(mapArgs);
+
+    if (pzmqNotificationInterface) {
+        RegisterValidationInterface(pzmqNotificationInterface);
+    }
+#endif
+    if (mapArgs.count("-maxuploadtarget")) {
+        CNode::SetMaxOutboundTarget(GetArg("-maxuploadtarget", DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET)*1024*1024);
+    }
+
     // ********************************************************* Step 7: load block chain
 
     fReindex = GetBoolArg("-reindex", false);
+    bool fReindexChainState = GetBoolArg("-reindex-chainstate", false);
 
     // Upgrading to 0.8; hard-link the old blknnnn.dat files into /blocks/
-    filesystem::path blocksDir = GetDataDir() / "blocks";
-    if (!filesystem::exists(blocksDir))
+    boost::filesystem::path blocksDir = GetDataDir() / "blocks";
+    if (!boost::filesystem::exists(blocksDir))
     {
-        filesystem::create_directories(blocksDir);
+        boost::filesystem::create_directories(blocksDir);
         bool linked = false;
         for (unsigned int i = 1; i < 10000; i++) {
-            filesystem::path source = GetDataDir() / strprintf("blk%04u.dat", i);
-            if (!filesystem::exists(source)) break;
-            filesystem::path dest = blocksDir / strprintf("blk%05u.dat", i-1);
+            boost::filesystem::path source = GetDataDir() / strprintf("blk%04u.dat", i);
+            if (!boost::filesystem::exists(source)) break;
+            boost::filesystem::path dest = blocksDir / strprintf("blk%05u.dat", i-1);
             try {
-                filesystem::create_hard_link(source, dest);
+                boost::filesystem::create_hard_link(source, dest);
                 LogPrintf("Hardlinked %s -> %s\n", source.string(), dest.string());
                 linked = true;
-            } catch (filesystem::filesystem_error & e) {
+            } catch (const boost::filesystem::filesystem_error& e) {
                 // Note: hardlink creation failing is not a disaster, it just means
                 // blocks will get re-downloaded from peers.
-                LogPrintf("Error hardlinking blk%04u.dat : %s\n", i, e.what());
+                LogPrintf("Error hardlinking blk%04u.dat: %s\n", i, e.what());
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -945,18 +1214,20 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     }
 
     // cache size calculations
-    size_t nTotalCache = (GetArg("-dbcache", nDefaultDbCache) << 20);
-    if (nTotalCache < (nMinDbCache << 20))
-        nTotalCache = (nMinDbCache << 20); // total cache cannot be less than nMinDbCache
-    else if (nTotalCache > (nMaxDbCache << 20))
-        nTotalCache = (nMaxDbCache << 20); // total cache cannot be greater than nMaxDbCache
-    size_t nBlockTreeDBCache = nTotalCache / 8;
-    if (nBlockTreeDBCache > (1 << 21) && !GetBoolArg("-txindex", false))
-        nBlockTreeDBCache = (1 << 21); // block tree db cache shouldn't be larger than 2 MiB
+    int64_t nTotalCache = (GetArg("-dbcache", nDefaultDbCache) << 20);
+    nTotalCache = std::max(nTotalCache, nMinDbCache << 20); // total cache cannot be less than nMinDbCache
+    nTotalCache = std::min(nTotalCache, nMaxDbCache << 20); // total cache cannot be greated than nMaxDbcache
+    int64_t nBlockTreeDBCache = nTotalCache / 8;
+    nBlockTreeDBCache = std::min(nBlockTreeDBCache, (GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX) ? nMaxBlockDBAndTxIndexCache : nMaxBlockDBCache) << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nBlockTreeDBCache;
-    size_t nCoinDBCache = nTotalCache / 2; // use half of the remaining cache for coindb cache
+    int64_t nCoinDBCache = std::min(nTotalCache / 2, (nTotalCache / 4) + (1 << 23)); // use 25%-50% of the remainder for disk cache
+    nCoinDBCache = std::min(nCoinDBCache, nMaxCoinsDBCache << 20); // cap total coins db cache
     nTotalCache -= nCoinDBCache;
-    nCoinCacheSize = nTotalCache / 300; // coins in memory require around 300 bytes
+    nCoinCacheUsage = nTotalCache; // the rest goes to in-memory cache
+    LogPrintf("Cache configuration:\n");
+    LogPrintf("* Using %.1fMiB for block index database\n", nBlockTreeDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
+    LogPrintf("* Using %.1fMiB for chain state database\n", nCoinDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
+    LogPrintf("* Using %.1fMiB for in-memory UTXO set\n", nCoinCacheUsage * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
 
     bool fLoaded = false;
     while (!fLoaded) {
@@ -971,14 +1242,20 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
                 UnloadBlockIndex();
                 delete pcoinsTip;
                 delete pcoinsdbview;
+                delete pcoinscatcher;
                 delete pblocktree;
 
                 pblocktree = new CBlockTreeDB(nBlockTreeDBCache, false, fReindex);
-                pcoinsdbview = new CCoinsViewDB(nCoinDBCache, false, fReindex);
-                pcoinsTip = new CCoinsViewCache(pcoinsdbview);
+                pcoinsdbview = new CCoinsViewDB(nCoinDBCache, false, fReindex || fReindexChainState);
+                pcoinscatcher = new CCoinsViewErrorCatcher(pcoinsdbview);
+                pcoinsTip = new CCoinsViewCache(pcoinscatcher);
 
-                if (fReindex)
+                if (fReindex) {
                     pblocktree->WriteReindexing(true);
+                    //If we're reindexing in prune mode, wipe away unusable block files and all undo data files
+                    if (fPruneMode)
+                        CleanupBlockRevFiles();
+                }
 
                 if (!LoadBlockIndex()) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error loading block database");
@@ -987,28 +1264,59 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
 
                 // If the loaded chain has a wrong genesis, bail out immediately
                 // (we're likely using a testnet datadir, or the other way around).
-                if (!mapBlockIndex.empty() && mapBlockIndex.count(Params().HashGenesisBlock()) == 0)
+                if (!mapBlockIndex.empty() && mapBlockIndex.count(chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock) == 0)
                     return InitError(_("Incorrect or no genesis block found. Wrong datadir for network?"));
 
                 // Initialize the block index (no-op if non-empty database was already loaded)
-                if (!InitBlockIndex()) {
+                if (!InitBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // Check for changed -txindex state
-                if (fTxIndex != GetBoolArg("-txindex", false)) {
-                    strLoadError = _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to change -txindex");
+                if (fTxIndex != GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
+                    strLoadError = _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex-chainstate to change -txindex");
                     break;
                 }
 
+                // Check for changed -prune state.  What we are concerned about is a user who has pruned blocks
+                // in the past, but is now trying to run unpruned.
+                if (fHavePruned && !fPruneMode) {
+                    strLoadError = _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to go back to unpruned mode.  This will redownload the entire blockchain");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (!fReindex) {
+                    uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Rewinding blocks..."));
+                    if (!RewindBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
+                        strLoadError = _("Unable to rewind the database to a pre-fork state. You will need to redownload the blockchain");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
                 uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Verifying blocks..."));
-                if (!CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(pcoinsdbview, GetArg("-checklevel", 3),
-                              GetArg("-checkblocks", 288))) {
+                if (fHavePruned && GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS) > MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
+                    LogPrintf("Prune: pruned datadir may not have more than %d blocks; only checking available blocks",
+                        MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP);
+                }
+
+                {
+                    LOCK(cs_main);
+                    CBlockIndex* tip = chainActive.Tip();
+                    if (tip && tip->nTime > GetAdjustedTime() + 2 * 60 * 60) {
+                        strLoadError = _("The block database contains a block which appears to be from the future. "
+                                "This may be due to your computer's date and time being set incorrectly. "
+                                "Only rebuild the block database if you are sure that your computer's date and time are correct");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(chainparams, pcoinsdbview, GetArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
+                              GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS))) {
                     strLoadError = _("Corrupted block database detected");
                     break;
                 }
-            } catch(std::exception &e) {
+            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                 if (fDebug) LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
                 strLoadError = _("Error opening block database");
                 break;
@@ -1020,8 +1328,9 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
         if (!fLoaded) {
             // first suggest a reindex
             if (!fReset) {
-                bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
+                bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion(
                     strLoadError + ".\n\n" + _("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?"),
+                    strLoadError + ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or -reindex-chainstate to recover.",
                     "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | CClientUIInterface::BTN_ABORT);
                 if (fRet) {
                     fReindex = true;
@@ -1059,156 +1368,66 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
         pwalletMain = NULL;
         LogPrintf("Wallet disabled!\n");
     } else {
+        CWallet::InitLoadWallet();
+        if (!pwalletMain)
+            return false;
+    }
+#else // ENABLE_WALLET
+    LogPrintf("No wallet support compiled in!\n");
+#endif // !ENABLE_WALLET
 
-        // needed to restore wallet transaction meta data after -zapwallettxes
-        std::vector<CWalletTx> vWtx;
-
-        if (GetBoolArg("-zapwallettxes", false)) {
-            uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Zapping all transactions from wallet..."));
-
-            pwalletMain = new CWallet(strWalletFile);
-            DBErrors nZapWalletRet = pwalletMain->ZapWalletTx(vWtx);
-            if (nZapWalletRet != DB_LOAD_OK) {
-                uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Error loading wallet.dat: Wallet corrupted"));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            delete pwalletMain;
-            pwalletMain = NULL;
-        }
-
-        uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading wallet..."));
-
-        nStart = GetTimeMillis();
-        bool fFirstRun = true;
-        pwalletMain = new CWallet(strWalletFile);
-        DBErrors nLoadWalletRet = pwalletMain->LoadWallet(fFirstRun);
-        if (nLoadWalletRet != DB_LOAD_OK)
-        {
-            if (nLoadWalletRet == DB_CORRUPT)
-                strErrors << _("Error loading wallet.dat: Wallet corrupted") << "\n";
-            else if (nLoadWalletRet == DB_NONCRITICAL_ERROR)
-            {
-                string msg(_("Warning: error reading wallet.dat! All keys read correctly, but transaction data"
-                             " or address book entries might be missing or incorrect."));
-                InitWarning(msg);
-            }
-            else if (nLoadWalletRet == DB_TOO_NEW)
-                strErrors << _("Error loading wallet.dat: Wallet requires newer version of Bitcoin Core") << "\n";
-            else if (nLoadWalletRet == DB_NEED_REWRITE)
-            {
-                strErrors << _("Wallet needed to be rewritten: restart Bitcoin Core to complete") << "\n";
-                LogPrintf("%s", strErrors.str());
-                return InitError(strErrors.str());
-            }
-            else
-                strErrors << _("Error loading wallet.dat") << "\n";
-        }
-
-        if (GetBoolArg("-upgradewallet", fFirstRun))
-        {
-            int nMaxVersion = GetArg("-upgradewallet", 0);
-            if (nMaxVersion == 0) // the -upgradewallet without argument case
-            {
-                LogPrintf("Performing wallet upgrade to %i\n", FEATURE_LATEST);
-                nMaxVersion = CLIENT_VERSION;
-                pwalletMain->SetMinVersion(FEATURE_LATEST); // permanently upgrade the wallet immediately
-            }
-            else
-                LogPrintf("Allowing wallet upgrade up to %i\n", nMaxVersion);
-            if (nMaxVersion < pwalletMain->GetVersion())
-                strErrors << _("Cannot downgrade wallet") << "\n";
-            pwalletMain->SetMaxVersion(nMaxVersion);
-        }
-
-        if (fFirstRun)
-        {
-            // Create new keyUser and set as default key
-            RandAddSeedPerfmon();
-
-            CPubKey newDefaultKey;
-            if (pwalletMain->GetKeyFromPool(newDefaultKey)) {
-                pwalletMain->SetDefaultKey(newDefaultKey);
-                if (!pwalletMain->SetAddressBook(pwalletMain->vchDefaultKey.GetID(), "", "receive"))
-                    strErrors << _("Cannot write default address") << "\n";
-            }
+    // ********************************************************* Step 9: data directory maintenance
 
-            pwalletMain->SetBestChain(chainActive.GetLocator());
+    // if pruning, unset the service bit and perform the initial blockstore prune
+    // after any wallet rescanning has taken place.
+    if (fPruneMode) {
+        LogPrintf("Unsetting NODE_NETWORK on prune mode\n");
+        nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices & ~NODE_NETWORK);
+        if (!fReindex) {
+            uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Pruning blockstore..."));
+            PruneAndFlush();
         }
+    }
 
-        LogPrintf("%s", strErrors.str());
-        LogPrintf(" wallet      %15dms\n", GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
-
-        RegisterValidationInterface(pwalletMain);
+    if (Params().GetConsensus().vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout != 0) {
+        // Only advertize witness capabilities if they have a reasonable start time.
+        // This allows us to have the code merged without a defined softfork, by setting its
+        // end time to 0.
+        // Note that setting NODE_WITNESS is never required: the only downside from not
+        // doing so is that after activation, no upgraded nodes will fetch from you.
+        nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_WITNESS);
+        // Only care about others providing witness capabilities if there is a softfork
+        // defined.
+        nRelevantServices = ServiceFlags(nRelevantServices | NODE_WITNESS);
+    }
 
-        CBlockIndex *pindexRescan = chainActive.Tip();
-        if (GetBoolArg("-rescan", false))
-            pindexRescan = chainActive.Genesis();
-        else
-        {
-            CWalletDB walletdb(strWalletFile);
-            CBlockLocator locator;
-            if (walletdb.ReadBestBlock(locator))
-                pindexRescan = FindForkInGlobalIndex(chainActive, locator);
-            else
-                pindexRescan = chainActive.Genesis();
-        }
-        if (chainActive.Tip() && chainActive.Tip() != pindexRescan)
-        {
-            uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Rescanning..."));
-            LogPrintf("Rescanning last %i blocks (from block %i)...\n", chainActive.Height() - pindexRescan->nHeight, pindexRescan->nHeight);
-            nStart = GetTimeMillis();
-            pwalletMain->ScanForWalletTransactions(pindexRescan, true);
-            LogPrintf(" rescan      %15dms\n", GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
-            pwalletMain->SetBestChain(chainActive.GetLocator());
-            nWalletDBUpdated++;
-
-            // Restore wallet transaction metadata after -zapwallettxes=1
-            if (GetBoolArg("-zapwallettxes", false) && GetArg("-zapwallettxes", "1") != "2")
-            {
-                BOOST_FOREACH(const CWalletTx& wtxOld, vWtx)
-                {
-                    uint256 hash = wtxOld.GetHash();
-                    std::map<uint256, CWalletTx>::iterator mi = pwalletMain->mapWallet.find(hash);
-                    if (mi != pwalletMain->mapWallet.end())
-                    {
-                        const CWalletTx* copyFrom = &wtxOld;
-                        CWalletTx* copyTo = &mi->second;
-                        copyTo->mapValue = copyFrom->mapValue;
-                        copyTo->vOrderForm = copyFrom->vOrderForm;
-                        copyTo->nTimeReceived = copyFrom->nTimeReceived;
-                        copyTo->nTimeSmart = copyFrom->nTimeSmart;
-                        copyTo->fFromMe = copyFrom->fFromMe;
-                        copyTo->strFromAccount = copyFrom->strFromAccount;
-                        copyTo->nOrderPos = copyFrom->nOrderPos;
-                        copyTo->WriteToDisk();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } // (!fDisableWallet)
-#else // ENABLE_WALLET
-    LogPrintf("No wallet compiled in!\n");
-#endif // !ENABLE_WALLET
-    // ********************************************************* Step 9: import blocks
+    // ********************************************************* Step 10: import blocks
 
     if (mapArgs.count("-blocknotify"))
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip.connect(BlockNotifyCallback);
 
-    // scan for better chains in the block chain database, that are not yet connected in the active best chain
-    CValidationState state;
-    if (!ActivateBestChain(state))
-        strErrors << "Failed to connect best block";
-
     std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vImportFiles;
     if (mapArgs.count("-loadblock"))
     {
-        BOOST_FOREACH(string strFile, mapMultiArgs["-loadblock"])
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string& strFile, mapMultiArgs["-loadblock"])
             vImportFiles.push_back(strFile);
     }
     threadGroup.create_thread(boost::bind(&ThreadImport, vImportFiles));
 
-    // ********************************************************* Step 10: start node
+    // Wait for genesis block to be processed
+    bool fHaveGenesis = false;
+    while (!fHaveGenesis && !fRequestShutdown) {
+        {
+            LOCK(cs_main);
+            fHaveGenesis = (chainActive.Tip() != NULL);
+        }
+
+        if (!fHaveGenesis) {
+            MilliSleep(10);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ********************************************************* Step 11: start node
 
     if (!CheckDiskSpace())
         return false;
@@ -1216,8 +1435,6 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     if (!strErrors.str().empty())
         return InitError(strErrors.str());
 
-    RandAddSeedPerfmon();
-
     //// debug print
     LogPrintf("mapBlockIndex.size() = %u\n",   mapBlockIndex.size());
     LogPrintf("nBestHeight = %d\n",                   chainActive.Height());
@@ -1227,15 +1444,12 @@ bool AppInit2(boost::thread_group& threadGroup)
     LogPrintf("mapAddressBook.size() = %u\n",  pwalletMain ? pwalletMain->mapAddressBook.size() : 0);
 #endif
 
-    StartNode(threadGroup);
+    if (GetBoolArg("-listenonion", DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION))
+        StartTorControl(threadGroup, scheduler);
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
-    // Generate coins in the background
-    if (pwalletMain)
-        GenerateBitcoins(GetBoolArg("-gen", false), pwalletMain, GetArg("-genproclimit", 1));
-#endif
+    StartNode(threadGroup, scheduler);
 
-    // ********************************************************* Step 11: finished
+    // ********************************************************* Step 12: finished
 
     SetRPCWarmupFinished();
     uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Done loading"));