---
title: "Document Q&A System"
description: "Build a chatbot that answers questions from your documents with citations and source references"
---

Create a powerful document Q&A system that can ingest PDFs, text files, and web pages, then answer questions with accurate citations. Perfect for documentation sites, research databases, or internal knowledge bases.

## What You'll Build

A document Q&A system that:
- **Ingests multiple file types** (PDFs, DOCX, text, URLs)
- **Answers questions accurately** with source citations
- **Provides source references** with page numbers and document titles
- **Handles follow-up questions** with conversation context
- **Supports multiple document collections** for different topics

## Prerequisites

- Node.js 18+ or Python 3.8+
- Supermemory API key
- OpenAI API key
- Basic understanding of file handling

## Implementation

### Step 1: Document Processing System

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Next.js">
    ```typescript lib/document-processor.ts
    import { Supermemory } from 'supermemory'

    const client = new Supermemory({
      apiKey: process.env.SUPERMEMORY_API_KEY!
    })

    interface DocumentUpload {
      file: File
      collection: string
      metadata?: Record<string, any>
    }

    export class DocumentProcessor {
      async uploadDocument({ file, collection, metadata = {} }: DocumentUpload) {
        try {
          const formData = new FormData()
          formData.append('file', file)
          formData.append('containerTags', JSON.stringify([collection]))
          formData.append('metadata', JSON.stringify({
            originalName: file.name,
            fileType: file.type,
            uploadedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
            ...metadata
          }))

          const response = await fetch('/api/upload-document', {
            method: 'POST',
            body: formData
          })

          if (!response.ok) {
            throw new Error(`Upload failed: ${response.statusText}`)
          }

          return await response.json()
        } catch (error) {
          console.error('Document upload error:', error)
          throw error
        }
      }

      async uploadURL({ url, collection, metadata = {} }: { url: string, collection: string, metadata?: Record<string, any> }) {
        try {
          const result = await client.memories.add({
            content: url,
            containerTag: collection,
            metadata: {
              type: 'url',
              originalUrl: url,
              uploadedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
              ...metadata
            }
          })

          return result
        } catch (error) {
          console.error('URL upload error:', error)
          throw error
        }
      }

      async getDocumentStatus(documentId: string) {
        try {
          const memory = await client.memories.get(documentId)
          return {
            id: memory.id,
            status: memory.status,
            title: memory.title,
            progress: memory.metadata?.progress || 0
          }
        } catch (error) {
          console.error('Status check error:', error)
          throw error
        }
      }

      async listDocuments(collection: string) {
        try {
          const memories = await client.memories.list({
            containerTags: [collection],
            limit: 50,
            sort: 'updatedAt',
            order: 'desc'
          })

          return memories.memories.map(memory => ({
            id: memory.id,
            title: memory.title || memory.metadata?.originalName || 'Untitled',
            type: memory.metadata?.fileType || memory.metadata?.type || 'unknown',
            uploadedAt: memory.metadata?.uploadedAt,
            status: memory.status,
            url: memory.metadata?.originalUrl
          }))
        } catch (error) {
          console.error('List documents error:', error)
          throw error
        }
      }
    }
    ```

    ```typescript app/api/upload-document/route.ts
    import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
    import { Supermemory } from 'supermemory'

    const client = new Supermemory({
      apiKey: process.env.SUPERMEMORY_API_KEY!
    })

    export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
      try {
        const formData = await request.formData()
        const file = formData.get('file') as File
        const containerTags = JSON.parse(formData.get('containerTags') as string)
        const metadata = JSON.parse(formData.get('metadata') as string || '{}')

        if (!file) {
          return NextResponse.json({ error: 'No file provided' }, { status: 400 })
        }

        // Convert File to Buffer for Supermemory
        const bytes = await file.arrayBuffer()
        const buffer = Buffer.from(bytes)

        const result = await client.memories.uploadFile({
          file: buffer,
          filename: file.name,
          containerTags,
          metadata
        })

        return NextResponse.json({
          success: true,
          documentId: result.id,
          message: 'Document uploaded successfully'
        })

      } catch (error) {
        console.error('Upload error:', error)
        return NextResponse.json(
          { error: 'Upload failed', details: error.message },
          { status: 500 }
        )
      }
    }
    ```
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Python">
    ```python document_processor.py
    from supermemory import Supermemory
    import os
    from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional
    import requests
    from datetime import datetime

    class DocumentProcessor:
        def __init__(self):
            self.client = Supermemory(api_key=os.getenv("SUPERMEMORY_API_KEY"))

        def upload_file(self, file_path: str, collection: str, metadata: Dict[str, Any] = None) -> Dict:
            """Upload a local file to Supermemory"""
            if metadata is None:
                metadata = {}

            try:
                with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
                    result = self.client.memories.upload_file(
                        file=file,
                        container_tags=[collection],
                        metadata={
                            'originalName': os.path.basename(file_path),
                            'fileType': os.path.splitext(file_path)[1],
                            'uploadedAt': datetime.now().isoformat(),
                            **metadata
                        }
                    )
                return result
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"File upload error: {e}")
                raise

        def upload_url(self, url: str, collection: str, metadata: Dict[str, Any] = None) -> Dict:
            """Upload URL content to Supermemory"""
            if metadata is None:
                metadata = {}

            try:
                result = self.client.memories.add(
                    content=url,
                    container_tag=collection,
                    metadata={
                        'type': 'url',
                        'originalUrl': url,
                        'uploadedAt': datetime.now().isoformat(),
                        **metadata
                    }
                )
                return result
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"URL upload error: {e}")
                raise

        def get_document_status(self, document_id: str) -> Dict:
            """Check document processing status"""
            try:
                memory = self.client.memories.get(document_id)
                return {
                    'id': memory.id,
                    'status': memory.status,
                    'title': memory.title,
                    'progress': memory.metadata.get('progress', 0) if memory.metadata else 0
                }
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Status check error: {e}")
                raise

        def list_documents(self, collection: str) -> List[Dict]:
            """List all documents in a collection"""
            try:
                memories = self.client.memories.list(
                    container_tags=[collection],
                    limit=50,
                    sort='updatedAt',
                    order='desc'
                )

                return [
                    {
                        'id': memory.id,
                        'title': (memory.title or
                                memory.metadata.get('originalName') or
                                'Untitled' if memory.metadata else 'Untitled'),
                        'type': (memory.metadata.get('fileType') or
                               memory.metadata.get('type') or
                               'unknown' if memory.metadata else 'unknown'),
                        'uploadedAt': memory.metadata.get('uploadedAt') if memory.metadata else None,
                        'status': memory.status,
                        'url': memory.metadata.get('originalUrl') if memory.metadata else None
                    }
                    for memory in memories.memories
                ]
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"List documents error: {e}")
                raise
    ```
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

### Step 2: Q&A API with Citations

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Next.js API Route">
    ```typescript app/api/qa/route.ts
    import { streamText } from 'ai'
    import { createOpenAI } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
    import { Supermemory } from 'supermemory'

    const openai = createOpenAI({
      apiKey: process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY!
    })

    const client = new Supermemory({
      apiKey: process.env.SUPERMEMORY_API_KEY!
    })

    export async function POST(request: Request) {
      const { question, collection, conversationHistory = [] } = await request.json()

      try {
        // Search for relevant documents
        const searchResults = await client.search.documents({
          q: question,
          containerTags: [collection],
          limit: 8,
          rerank: true,
          includeFullDocs: false,
          includeSummary: true,
          onlyMatchingChunks: false,
          documentThreshold: 0.6,
          chunkThreshold: 0.7
        })

        if (searchResults.results.length === 0) {
          return Response.json({
            answer: "I couldn't find any relevant information in the uploaded documents to answer your question.",
            sources: [],
            confidence: 0
          })
        }

        // Prepare context from search results
        const context = searchResults.results.map((result, index) => {
          const chunks = result.chunks
            .filter(chunk => chunk.isRelevant)
            .slice(0, 3)
            .map(chunk => chunk.content)
            .join('\n\n')

          return `[Document ${index + 1}: "${result.title}"]\n${chunks}`
        }).join('\n\n---\n\n')

        // Prepare sources for citation
        const sources = searchResults.results.map((result, index) => ({
          id: result.documentId,
          title: result.title,
          type: result.type,
          relevantChunks: result.chunks.filter(chunk => chunk.isRelevant).length,
          score: result.score,
          citationNumber: index + 1
        }))

        const messages = [
          ...conversationHistory,
          {
            role: 'user' as const,
            content: question
          }
        ]

        const result = await streamText({
          model: openai('gpt-5'),
          messages,
          system: `You are a helpful document Q&A assistant. Answer questions based ONLY on the provided document context.

CONTEXT FROM DOCUMENTS:
${context}

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer the question using ONLY the information from the provided documents
2. Include specific citations in your response using [Document X] format
3. If the documents don't contain enough information, say so clearly
4. Be accurate and quote directly when possible
5. If multiple documents support a point, cite all relevant ones
6. Maintain a helpful, professional tone

CITATION FORMAT:
- Use [Document 1], [Document 2], etc. to cite sources
- Place citations after the relevant information
- Example: "The process involves three steps [Document 1]. However, some experts recommend a four-step approach [Document 3]."

If the question cannot be answered from the provided documents, respond with: "I don't have enough information in the provided documents to answer this question accurately."`,
          temperature: 0.1,
          maxTokens: 1000
        })

        return result.toAIStreamResponse({
          data: {
            sources,
            searchResultsCount: searchResults.results.length,
            totalResults: searchResults.total
          }
        })

      } catch (error) {
        console.error('Q&A error:', error)
        return Response.json(
          { error: 'Failed to process question', details: error.message },
          { status: 500 }
        )
      }
    }
    ```
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Python FastAPI">
    ```python qa_api.py
    from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
    from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
    from pydantic import BaseModel
    from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
    import openai
    from supermemory import Supermemory
    import json
    import os

    app = FastAPI()

    openai_client = openai.AsyncOpenAI(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
    supermemory_client = Supermemory(api_key=os.getenv("SUPERMEMORY_API_KEY"))

    class QARequest(BaseModel):
        question: str
        collection: str
        conversationHistory: List[Dict[str, str]] = []

    class QAResponse(BaseModel):
        answer: str
        sources: List[Dict[str, Any]]
        confidence: float
        searchResultsCount: int

    @app.post("/qa")
    async def answer_question(request: QARequest):
        try:
            # Search for relevant documents
            search_results = supermemory_client.search.documents(
                q=request.question,
                container_tags=[request.collection],
                limit=8,
                rerank=True,
                include_full_docs=False,
                include_summary=True,
                only_matching_chunks=False,
                document_threshold=0.6,
                chunk_threshold=0.7
            )

            if not search_results.results:
                return QAResponse(
                    answer="I couldn't find any relevant information in the uploaded documents to answer your question.",
                    sources=[],
                    confidence=0,
                    searchResultsCount=0
                )

            # Prepare context from search results
            context_parts = []
            sources = []

            for index, result in enumerate(search_results.results):
                relevant_chunks = [
                    chunk.content for chunk in result.chunks
                    if chunk.is_relevant
                ][:3]

                chunk_text = '\n\n'.join(relevant_chunks)
                context_parts.append(f'[Document {index + 1}: "{result.title}"]\n{chunk_text}')

                sources.append({
                    'id': result.document_id,
                    'title': result.title,
                    'type': result.type,
                    'relevantChunks': len([c for c in result.chunks if c.is_relevant]),
                    'score': result.score,
                    'citationNumber': index + 1
                })

            context = '\n\n---\n\n'.join(context_parts)

            # Prepare messages
            messages = [
                {
                    "role": "system",
                    "content": f"""You are a helpful document Q&A assistant. Answer questions based ONLY on the provided document context.

CONTEXT FROM DOCUMENTS:
{context}

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer the question using ONLY the information from the provided documents
2. Include specific citations in your response using [Document X] format
3. If the documents don't contain enough information, say so clearly
4. Be accurate and quote directly when possible
5. If multiple documents support a point, cite all relevant ones
6. Maintain a helpful, professional tone

CITATION FORMAT:
- Use [Document 1], [Document 2], etc. to cite sources
- Place citations after the relevant information
- Example: "The process involves three steps [Document 1]. However, some experts recommend a four-step approach [Document 3]."

If the question cannot be answered from the provided documents, respond with: "I don't have enough information in the provided documents to answer this question accurately." """
                }
            ]

            # Add conversation history
            messages.extend(request.conversationHistory)
            messages.append({"role": "user", "content": request.question})

            # Get AI response
            response = await openai_client.chat.completions.create(
                model="gpt-5",
                messages=messages,
                temperature=0.1,
                max_tokens=1000
            )

            answer = response.choices[0].message.content

            return QAResponse(
                answer=answer,
                sources=sources,
                confidence=min(search_results.results[0].score if search_results.results else 0, 1.0),
                searchResultsCount=len(search_results.results)
            )

        except Exception as e:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to process question: {str(e)}")

    if __name__ == "__main__":
        import uvicorn
        uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
    ```
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

### Step 3: Frontend Interface

```tsx app/qa/page.tsx
'use client'

import { useState, useRef } from 'react'
import { useChat } from 'ai/react'
import { DocumentProcessor } from '@/lib/document-processor'

interface Document {
  id: string
  title: string
  type: string
  status: string
  uploadedAt: string
}

interface Source {
  id: string
  title: string
  citationNumber: number
  score: number
  relevantChunks: number
}

export default function DocumentQA() {
  const [collection, setCollection] = useState('default-docs')
  const [documents, setDocuments] = useState<Document[]>([])
  const [sources, setSources] = useState<Source[]>([])
  const [isUploading, setIsUploading] = useState(false)
  const [uploadProgress, setUploadProgress] = useState<Record<string, number>>({})
  const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null)

  const processor = new DocumentProcessor()

  const { messages, input, handleInputChange, handleSubmit, isLoading } = useChat({
    api: '/api/qa',
    body: {
      collection
    },
    onFinish: (message, { data }) => {
      if (data?.sources) {
        setSources(data.sources)
      }
    }
  })

  const handleFileUpload = async (event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
    const files = event.target.files
    if (!files || files.length === 0) return

    setIsUploading(true)
    const newProgress: Record<string, number> = {}

    try {
      for (const file of Array.from(files)) {
        newProgress[file.name] = 0
        setUploadProgress({ ...newProgress })

        await processor.uploadDocument({
          file,
          collection,
          metadata: {
            uploadedBy: 'user',
            category: 'qa-document'
          }
        })

        newProgress[file.name] = 100
        setUploadProgress({ ...newProgress })
      }

      // Refresh document list
      await loadDocuments()

      // Clear file input
      if (fileInputRef.current) {
        fileInputRef.current.value = ''
      }

    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Upload failed:', error)
      alert('Upload failed: ' + error.message)
    } finally {
      setIsUploading(false)
      setUploadProgress({})
    }
  }

  const loadDocuments = async () => {
    try {
      const docs = await processor.listDocuments(collection)
      setDocuments(docs)
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to load documents:', error)
    }
  }

  const formatSources = (sources: Source[]) => {
    if (!sources || sources.length === 0) return null

    return (
      <div className="mt-4 p-4 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg">
        <h3 className="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 mb-2">Sources:</h3>
        <div className="space-y-2">
          {sources.map((source) => (
            <div key={source.id} className="flex items-center space-x-2 text-sm">
              <span className="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 px-2 py-1 rounded text-xs font-mono">
                Document {source.citationNumber}
              </span>
              <span className="text-gray-700">{source.title}</span>
              <span className="text-gray-500">
                ({source.relevantChunks} relevant chunks, {(source.score * 100).toFixed(1)}% match)
              </span>
            </div>
          ))}
        </div>
      </div>
    )
  }

  return (
    <div className="max-w-6xl mx-auto p-6">
      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
        {/* Document Management Panel */}
        <div className="lg:col-span-1">
          <div className="bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-lg p-6">
            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Document Collection</h2>

            {/* Collection Selector */}
            <div className="mb-4">
              <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
                Collection Name
              </label>
              <input
                type="text"
                value={collection}
                onChange={(e) => setCollection(e.target.value)}
                className="w-full p-2 border border-gray-300 rounded focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:border-blue-500"
                placeholder="e.g., company-docs"
              />
            </div>

            {/* File Upload */}
            <div className="mb-4">
              <input
                ref={fileInputRef}
                type="file"
                multiple
                accept=".pdf,.docx,.txt,.md"
                onChange={handleFileUpload}
                className="hidden"
              />
              <button
                onClick={() => fileInputRef.current?.click()}
                disabled={isUploading}
                className="w-full p-3 border-2 border-dashed border-gray-300 rounded-lg hover:border-blue-400 focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 disabled:opacity-50"
              >
                {isUploading ? 'Uploading...' : 'Upload Documents'}
              </button>
            </div>

            {/* Upload Progress */}
            {Object.keys(uploadProgress).length > 0 && (
              <div className="mb-4 space-y-2">
                {Object.entries(uploadProgress).map(([filename, progress]) => (
                  <div key={filename} className="text-sm">
                    <div className="flex justify-between">
                      <span className="truncate">{filename}</span>
                      <span>{progress}%</span>
                    </div>
                    <div className="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-2">
                      <div
                        className="bg-blue-600 h-2 rounded-full transition-all duration-300"
                        style={{ width: `${progress}%` }}
                      />
                    </div>
                  </div>
                ))}
              </div>
            )}

            {/* Document List */}
            <div className="max-h-64 overflow-y-auto">
              {documents.map((doc) => (
                <div key={doc.id} className="mb-2 p-2 bg-gray-50 rounded text-sm">
                  <div className="font-medium truncate">{doc.title}</div>
                  <div className="text-gray-500 text-xs">
                    {doc.type} • {doc.status}
                  </div>
                </div>
              ))}
            </div>

            <button
              onClick={loadDocuments}
              className="w-full mt-4 px-4 py-2 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded hover:bg-blue-600"
            >
              Refresh Documents
            </button>
          </div>
        </div>

        {/* Q&A Interface */}
        <div className="lg:col-span-2">
          <div className="bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-lg p-6">
            <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Ask Questions</h2>

            {/* Messages */}
            <div className="h-96 overflow-y-auto mb-4 space-y-4">
              {messages.length === 0 && (
                <div className="text-gray-500 text-center py-8">
                  Upload documents and ask questions to get started!

                  <div className="mt-4 text-sm">
                    <p className="font-medium">Try asking:</p>
                    <ul className="mt-2 space-y-1">
                      <li>"What are the main findings?"</li>
                      <li>"Summarize the key points"</li>
                      <li>"What does section 3 say about...?"</li>
                    </ul>
                  </div>
                </div>
              )}

              {messages.map((message) => (
                <div
                  key={message.id}
                  className={`p-4 rounded-lg ${
                    message.role === 'user'
                      ? 'bg-blue-500 text-white ml-8'
                      : 'bg-gray-100 mr-8'
                  }`}
                >
                  <div className="whitespace-pre-wrap">{message.content}</div>

                  {message.role === 'assistant' && sources.length > 0 && (
                    formatSources(sources)
                  )}
                </div>
              ))}

              {isLoading && (
                <div className="bg-gray-100 p-4 rounded-lg mr-8">
                  <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
                    <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-4 w-4 border-b-2 border-blue-600"></div>
                    <span>Searching documents and generating answer...</span>
                  </div>
                </div>
              )}
            </div>

            {/* Input */}
            <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex gap-2">
              <input
                value={input}
                onChange={handleInputChange}
                placeholder="Ask a question about your documents..."
                className="flex-1 p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:border-blue-500"
                disabled={isLoading || documents.length === 0}
              />
              <button
                type="submit"
                disabled={isLoading || !input.trim() || documents.length === 0}
                className="px-6 py-3 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-lg hover:bg-blue-600 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
              >
                Ask
              </button>
            </form>

            {documents.length === 0 && (
              <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-2">
                Upload documents first to enable questions
              </p>
            )}
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}
```

## Testing Your Q&A System

### Step 4: Test Document Processing

1. **Upload Test Documents**:
   - Upload a PDF manual or research paper
   - Add a few web articles via URL
   - Upload some text files with different topics

2. **Test Question Types**:
   ```
   Factual: "What is the definition of X mentioned in the documents?"
   Analytical: "What are the pros and cons of approach Y?"
   Comparative: "How does method A compare to method B?"
   Summarization: "Summarize the main findings"
   ```

3. **Verify Citations**:
   - Check that citations appear in responses
   - Verify citation numbers match source list
   - Ensure sources show relevant metadata

## Production Considerations

### Performance Optimization

```typescript
// Implement caching for frequently asked questions
const cacheKey = `qa:${collection}:${hashQuery(question)}`
const cachedResponse = await redis.get(cacheKey)

if (cachedResponse) {
  return JSON.parse(cachedResponse)
}

// Cache response for 1 hour
await redis.setex(cacheKey, 3600, JSON.stringify(response))
```

### Advanced Features

1. **Follow-up Questions**:
   ```typescript
   // Track conversation context
   const conversationHistory = messages.slice(-6) // Last 3 exchanges
   ```

2. **Answer Confidence Scoring**:
   ```typescript
   const confidence = calculateConfidence({
     searchScore: searchResults.results[0]?.score || 0,
     resultCount: searchResults.results.length,
     chunkRelevance: avgChunkRelevance
   })
   ```

3. **Multi-language Support**:
   ```typescript
   // Detect document language and adapt search
   const detectedLanguage = await detectLanguage(question)
   const searchResults = await client.search.documents({
     q: question,
     filters: {
       AND: [{ key: 'language', value: detectedLanguage }]
     }
   })
   ```

This recipe provides a complete foundation for building document Q&A systems with accurate citations and source tracking.

---

*Customize this recipe based on your specific document types and use cases.*