Merged latest from main

21 files changed, 1844 insertions, 244 deletions

diff --git a/zencore/base64.cpp b/zencore/base64.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a6ea3b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zencore/base64.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+#include <zencore/base64.h>
+
+namespace zen {
+
+/** The table used to encode a 6 bit value as an ascii character */
+static const uint8_t EncodingAlphabet[64] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
+											 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
+											 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
+											 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'};
+
+/** The table used to convert an ascii character into a 6 bit value */
+static const uint8_t DecodingAlphabet[256] = {
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x00-0x0f
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x10-0x1f
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F,	 // 0x20-0x2f
+	0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x30-0x3f
+	0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E,	 // 0x40-0x4f
+	0x0F, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x50-0x5f
+	0xFF, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28,	 // 0x60-0x6f
+	0x29, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x70-0x7f
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x80-0x8f
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0x90-0x9f
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0xa0-0xaf
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0xb0-0xbf
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0xc0-0xcf
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0xd0-0xdf
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,	 // 0xe0-0xef
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF	 // 0xf0-0xff
+};
+
+template<typename CharType>
+uint32_t
+Base64::Encode(const uint8_t* Source, uint32_t Length, CharType* Dest)
+{
+	CharType* EncodedBytes = Dest;
+
+	// Loop through the buffer converting 3 bytes of binary data at a time
+	while (Length >= 3)
+	{
+		uint8_t A = *Source++;
+		uint8_t B = *Source++;
+		uint8_t C = *Source++;
+		Length -= 3;
+
+		// The algorithm takes 24 bits of data (3 bytes) and breaks it into 4 6bit chunks represented as ascii
+		uint32_t ByteTriplet = A << 16 | B << 8 | C;
+
+		// Use the 6bit block to find the representation ascii character for it
+		EncodedBytes[3] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+		ByteTriplet >>= 6;
+		EncodedBytes[2] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+		ByteTriplet >>= 6;
+		EncodedBytes[1] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+		ByteTriplet >>= 6;
+		EncodedBytes[0] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+
+		// Now we can append this buffer to our destination string
+		EncodedBytes += 4;
+	}
+
+	// Since this algorithm operates on blocks, we may need to pad the last chunks
+	if (Length > 0)
+	{
+		uint8_t A = *Source++;
+		uint8_t B = 0;
+		uint8_t C = 0;
+		// Grab the second character if it is a 2 uint8_t finish
+		if (Length == 2)
+		{
+			B = *Source;
+		}
+		uint32_t ByteTriplet = A << 16 | B << 8 | C;
+		// Pad with = to make a 4 uint8_t chunk
+		EncodedBytes[3] = '=';
+		ByteTriplet >>= 6;
+		// If there's only one 1 uint8_t left in the source, then you need 2 pad chars
+		if (Length == 1)
+		{
+			EncodedBytes[2] = '=';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			EncodedBytes[2] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+		}
+		// Now encode the remaining bits the same way
+		ByteTriplet >>= 6;
+		EncodedBytes[1] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+		ByteTriplet >>= 6;
+		EncodedBytes[0] = EncodingAlphabet[ByteTriplet & 0x3F];
+
+		EncodedBytes += 4;
+	}
+
+	// Add a null terminator
+	*EncodedBytes = 0;
+
+	return uint32_t(EncodedBytes - Dest);
+}
+
+template ZENCORE_API uint32_t Base64::Encode<char>(const uint8_t* Source, uint32_t Length, char* Dest);
+template ZENCORE_API uint32_t Base64::Encode<wchar_t>(const uint8_t* Source, uint32_t Length, wchar_t* Dest);
+
+}  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/compactbinary.cpp b/zencore/compactbinary.cpp
index f4908aa9a..3b6d33e41 100644
--- a/zencore/compactbinary.cpp
+++ b/zencore/compactbinary.cpp
@@ -2,18 +2,35 @@
 
 #include "zencore/compactbinary.h"
 
+#include <zencore/base64.h>
 #include <zencore/compactbinaryvalidation.h>
+#include <zencore/compactbinaryvalue.h>
 #include <zencore/compress.h>
 #include <zencore/endian.h>
+#include <zencore/fmtutils.h>
 #include <zencore/stream.h>
+#include <zencore/string.h>
 #include <zencore/testing.h>
+#include <zencore/uid.h>
 
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <string_view>
 
+#if ZEN_WITH_TESTS
+#	include <json11.hpp>
+#	include <zencore/compactbinarybuilder.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace zen {
 
 const int DaysToMonth[] = {0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365};
 
+double
+GetJulianDay(uint64_t Ticks)
+{
+	return (double)(1721425.5 + Ticks / TimeSpan::TicksPerDay);
+}
+
 bool
 IsLeapYear(int Year)
 {
@@ -63,24 +80,254 @@ TimeSpan::Set(int Days, int Hours, int Minutes, int Seconds, int FractionNano)
 	Ticks = TotalTicks;
 }
 
-//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+std::string
+TimeSpan::ToString(const char* Format) const
+{
+	using namespace fmt::literals;
 
-namespace CompactBinaryPrivate {
+	StringBuilder<128> Result;
 
-	static constexpr const uint8_t GEmptyObjectPayload[] = {uint8_t(CbFieldType::Object), 0x00};
-	static constexpr const uint8_t GEmptyArrayPayload[]	 = {uint8_t(CbFieldType::Array), 0x01, 0x00};
+	Result.Append((Ticks < 0) ? '-' : '+');
 
-	template<typename T>
-	static constexpr inline T ReadUnaligned(const void* const Memory)
+	while (*Format != '\0')
 	{
-#if PLATFORM_SUPPORTS_UNALIGNED_LOADS
-		return *static_cast<const T*>(Memory);
-#else
-		T Value;
-		memcpy(&Value, Memory, sizeof(Value));
-		return Value;
-#endif
+		if ((*Format == '%') && (*++Format != '\0'))
+		{
+			switch (*Format)
+			{
+				case 'd':
+					Result.Append("%i"_format(GetDays()));
+					break;
+				case 'D':
+					Result.Append("%08i"_format(GetDays()));
+					break;
+				case 'h':
+					Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetHours()));
+					break;
+				case 'm':
+					Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetMinutes()));
+					break;
+				case 's':
+					Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetSeconds()));
+					break;
+				case 'f':
+					Result.Append("%03i"_format(GetFractionMilli()));
+					break;
+				case 'u':
+					Result.Append("%06i"_format(GetFractionMicro()));
+					break;
+				case 't':
+					Result.Append("%07i"_format(GetFractionTicks()));
+					break;
+				case 'n':
+					Result.Append("%09i"_format(GetFractionNano()));
+					break;
+				default:
+					Result.Append(*Format);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			Result.Append(*Format);
+		}
+
+		++Format;
+	}
+
+	return Result.ToString();
+}
+
+std::string
+TimeSpan::ToString() const
+{
+	if (GetDays() == 0)
+	{
+		return ToString("%h:%m:%s.%f");
+	}
+
+	return ToString("%d.%h:%m:%s.%f");
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetYear() const
+{
+	int Year, Month, Day;
+	GetDate(Year, Month, Day);
+
+	return Year;
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetMonth() const
+{
+	int Year, Month, Day;
+	GetDate(Year, Month, Day);
+
+	return Month;
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetDay() const
+{
+	int Year, Month, Day;
+	GetDate(Year, Month, Day);
+
+	return Day;
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetHour() const
+{
+	return (int)((Ticks / TimeSpan::TicksPerHour) % 24);
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetHour12() const
+{
+	int Hour = GetHour();
+
+	if (Hour < 1)
+	{
+		return 12;
+	}
+
+	if (Hour > 12)
+	{
+		return (Hour - 12);
+	}
+
+	return Hour;
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetMinute() const
+{
+	return (int)((Ticks / TimeSpan::TicksPerMinute) % 60);
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetSecond() const
+{
+	return (int)((Ticks / TimeSpan::TicksPerSecond) % 60);
+}
+
+int
+DateTime::GetMillisecond() const
+{
+	return (int)((Ticks / TimeSpan::TicksPerMillisecond) % 1000);
+}
+
+void
+DateTime::GetDate(int& Year, int& Month, int& Day) const
+{
+	// Based on FORTRAN code in:
+	// Fliegel, H. F. and van Flandern, T. C.,
+	// Communications of the ACM, Vol. 11, No. 10 (October 1968).
+
+	int i, j, k, l, n;
+
+	l = int(GetJulianDay(Ticks) + 0.5) + 68569;
+	n = 4 * l / 146097;
+	l = l - (146097 * n + 3) / 4;
+	i = 4000 * (l + 1) / 1461001;
+	l = l - 1461 * i / 4 + 31;
+	j = 80 * l / 2447;
+	k = l - 2447 * j / 80;
+	l = j / 11;
+	j = j + 2 - 12 * l;
+	i = 100 * (n - 49) + i + l;
+
+	Year  = i;
+	Month = j;
+	Day	  = k;
+}
+
+std::string
+DateTime::ToString(const char* Format) const
+{
+	using namespace fmt::literals;
+
+	StringBuilder<32> Result;
+	int				  Year, Month, Day;
+
+	GetDate(Year, Month, Day);
+
+	if (Format != nullptr)
+	{
+		while (*Format != '\0')
+		{
+			if ((*Format == '%') && (*(++Format) != '\0'))
+			{
+				switch (*Format)
+				{
+					// case 'a': Result.Append(IsMorning() ? TEXT("am") : TEXT("pm")); break;
+					// case 'A': Result.Append(IsMorning() ? TEXT("AM") : TEXT("PM")); break;
+					case 'd':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(Day));
+						break;
+						// case 'D': Result.Appendf(TEXT("%03i"), GetDayOfYear()); break;
+					case 'm':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(Month));
+						break;
+					case 'y':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(Year % 100));
+						break;
+					case 'Y':
+						Result.Append("%04i"_format(Year % 100));
+						break;
+					case 'h':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetHour12()));
+						break;
+					case 'H':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetHour()));
+						break;
+					case 'M':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetMinute()));
+						break;
+					case 'S':
+						Result.Append("%02i"_format(GetSecond()));
+						break;
+					case 's':
+						Result.Append("%03i"_format(GetMillisecond()));
+						break;
+					default:
+						Result.Append(*Format);
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				Result.Append(*Format);
+			}
+
+			// move to the next one
+			Format++;
+		}
 	}
+
+	return Result.ToString();
+}
+
+std::string
+DateTime::ToIso8601() const
+{
+	return ToString("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%sZ");
+}
+
+StringBuilderBase&
+Guid::ToString(StringBuilderBase& Sb) const
+{
+	char Buf[128];
+	snprintf(Buf, sizeof Buf, "%08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%08x", A, B >> 16, B & 0xFFFF, C >> 16, C & 0xFFFF, D);
+	Sb << Buf;
+
+	return Sb;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace CompactBinaryPrivate {
+	static constexpr const uint8_t GEmptyObjectPayload[] = {uint8_t(CbFieldType::Object), 0x00};
+	static constexpr const uint8_t GEmptyArrayPayload[]	 = {uint8_t(CbFieldType::Array), 0x01, 0x00};
 }  // namespace CompactBinaryPrivate
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -151,14 +398,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsArrayView()
 MemoryView
 CbFieldView::AsBinaryView(const MemoryView Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsBinary(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsBinary(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
-		const uint8_t* const PayloadBytes = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(Payload);
-		uint32_t			 ValueSizeByteCount;
-		const uint64_t		 ValueSize = ReadVarUInt(PayloadBytes, ValueSizeByteCount);
-
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return MemoryView(PayloadBytes + ValueSizeByteCount, ValueSize);
+		return Accessor.AsBinary();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -170,20 +413,25 @@ CbFieldView::AsBinaryView(const MemoryView Default)
 std::string_view
 CbFieldView::AsString(const std::string_view Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsString(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsString(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
-		const char* const PayloadChars = static_cast<const char*>(Payload);
-		uint32_t		  ValueSizeByteCount;
-		const uint64_t	  ValueSize = ReadVarUInt(PayloadChars, ValueSizeByteCount);
-
-		if (ValueSize >= (uint64_t(1) << 31))
-		{
-			Error = CbFieldError::RangeError;
-			return Default;
-		}
+		Error = CbFieldError::None;
+		return Accessor.AsString();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Error = CbFieldError::TypeError;
+		return Default;
+	}
+}
 
+std::u8string_view
+CbFieldView::AsU8String(const std::u8string_view Default)
+{
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsString(Accessor.GetType()))
+	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return std::string_view(PayloadChars + ValueSizeByteCount, ValueSize);
+		return Accessor.AsU8String();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -193,23 +441,11 @@ CbFieldView::AsString(const std::string_view Default)
 }
 
 uint64_t
-CbFieldView::AsInteger(const uint64_t Default, const IntegerParams Params)
+CbFieldView::AsInteger(const uint64_t Default, const CompactBinaryPrivate::IntegerParams Params)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsInteger(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsInteger(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
-		// A shift of a 64-bit value by 64 is undefined so shift by one less because magnitude is never zero.
-		const uint64_t OutOfRangeMask = uint64_t(-2) << (Params.MagnitudeBits - 1);
-		const uint64_t IsNegative	  = uint8_t(Type) & 1;
-
-		uint32_t	   MagnitudeByteCount;
-		const uint64_t Magnitude = ReadVarUInt(Payload, MagnitudeByteCount);
-		const uint64_t Value	 = Magnitude ^ -int64_t(IsNegative);
-
-		const uint64_t IsInRange = (!(Magnitude & OutOfRangeMask)) & ((!IsNegative) | Params.IsSigned);
-		Error					 = IsInRange ? CbFieldError::None : CbFieldError::RangeError;
-
-		const uint64_t UseValueMask = -int64_t(IsInRange);
-		return (Value & UseValueMask) | (Default & ~UseValueMask);
+		return Accessor.AsInteger(Params, &Error, Default);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -221,25 +457,24 @@ CbFieldView::AsInteger(const uint64_t Default, const IntegerParams Params)
 float
 CbFieldView::AsFloat(const float Default)
 {
-	switch (CbFieldTypeOps::GetType(Type))
+	switch (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); Accessor.GetType())
 	{
 		case CbFieldType::IntegerPositive:
 		case CbFieldType::IntegerNegative:
 			{
-				const uint64_t	   IsNegative	  = uint8_t(Type) & 1;
+				const uint64_t	   IsNegative	  = uint8_t(Accessor.GetType()) & 1;
 				constexpr uint64_t OutOfRangeMask = ~((uint64_t(1) << /*FLT_MANT_DIG*/ 24) - 1);
 
 				uint32_t	   MagnitudeByteCount;
-				const int64_t  Magnitude = ReadVarUInt(Payload, MagnitudeByteCount) + IsNegative;
+				const int64_t  Magnitude = ReadVarUInt(Accessor.GetData(), MagnitudeByteCount) + IsNegative;
 				const uint64_t IsInRange = !(Magnitude & OutOfRangeMask);
 				Error					 = IsInRange ? CbFieldError::None : CbFieldError::RangeError;
 				return IsInRange ? float(IsNegative ? -Magnitude : Magnitude) : Default;
 			}
 		case CbFieldType::Float32:
 			{
-				Error				 = CbFieldError::None;
-				const uint32_t Value = FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<uint32_t>(Payload));
-				return reinterpret_cast<const float&>(Value);
+				Error = CbFieldError::None;
+				return Accessor.AsFloat32();
 			}
 		case CbFieldType::Float64:
 			Error = CbFieldError::RangeError;
@@ -253,31 +488,29 @@ CbFieldView::AsFloat(const float Default)
 double
 CbFieldView::AsDouble(const double Default)
 {
-	switch (CbFieldTypeOps::GetType(Type))
+	switch (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); Accessor.GetType())
 	{
 		case CbFieldType::IntegerPositive:
 		case CbFieldType::IntegerNegative:
 			{
-				const uint64_t	   IsNegative	  = uint8_t(Type) & 1;
+				const uint64_t	   IsNegative	  = uint8_t(Accessor.GetType()) & 1;
 				constexpr uint64_t OutOfRangeMask = ~((uint64_t(1) << /*DBL_MANT_DIG*/ 53) - 1);
 
 				uint32_t	   MagnitudeByteCount;
-				const int64_t  Magnitude = ReadVarUInt(Payload, MagnitudeByteCount) + IsNegative;
+				const int64_t  Magnitude = ReadVarUInt(Accessor.GetData(), MagnitudeByteCount) + IsNegative;
 				const uint64_t IsInRange = !(Magnitude & OutOfRangeMask);
 				Error					 = IsInRange ? CbFieldError::None : CbFieldError::RangeError;
 				return IsInRange ? double(IsNegative ? -Magnitude : Magnitude) : Default;
 			}
 		case CbFieldType::Float32:
 			{
-				Error				 = CbFieldError::None;
-				const uint32_t Value = FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<uint32_t>(Payload));
-				return reinterpret_cast<const float&>(Value);
+				Error = CbFieldError::None;
+				return Accessor.AsFloat32();
 			}
 		case CbFieldType::Float64:
 			{
-				Error				 = CbFieldError::None;
-				const uint64_t Value = FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<uint64_t>(Payload));
-				return reinterpret_cast<const double&>(Value);
+				Error = CbFieldError::None;
+				return Accessor.AsFloat64();
 			}
 		default:
 			Error = CbFieldError::TypeError;
@@ -288,19 +521,19 @@ CbFieldView::AsDouble(const double Default)
 bool
 CbFieldView::AsBool(const bool bDefault)
 {
-	const CbFieldType LocalType = Type;
-	const bool		  bIsBool	= CbFieldTypeOps::IsBool(LocalType);
-	Error						= bIsBool ? CbFieldError::None : CbFieldError::TypeError;
-	return (uint8_t(bIsBool) & uint8_t(LocalType) & 1) | ((!bIsBool) & bDefault);
+	CbValue	   Accessor = GetValue();
+	const bool IsBool	= CbFieldTypeOps::IsBool(Accessor.GetType());
+	Error				= IsBool ? CbFieldError::None : CbFieldError::TypeError;
+	return (uint8_t(IsBool) & Accessor.AsBool()) | ((!IsBool) & bDefault);
 }
 
 IoHash
 CbFieldView::AsObjectAttachment(const IoHash& Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsObjectAttachment(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsObjectAttachment(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return IoHash::MakeFrom(Payload);
+		return Accessor.AsObjectAttachment();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -312,10 +545,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsObjectAttachment(const IoHash& Default)
 IoHash
 CbFieldView::AsBinaryAttachment(const IoHash& Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsBinaryAttachment(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsBinaryAttachment(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return IoHash::MakeFrom(Payload);
+		return Accessor.AsBinaryAttachment();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -327,10 +560,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsBinaryAttachment(const IoHash& Default)
 IoHash
 CbFieldView::AsAttachment(const IoHash& Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsAttachment(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsAttachment(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return IoHash::MakeFrom(Payload);
+		return Accessor.AsAttachment();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -342,10 +575,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsAttachment(const IoHash& Default)
 IoHash
 CbFieldView::AsHash(const IoHash& Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsHash(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsHash(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return IoHash::MakeFrom(Payload);
+		return Accessor.AsHash();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -363,16 +596,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsUuid()
 Guid
 CbFieldView::AsUuid(const Guid& Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsUuid(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsUuid(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		Guid Value;
-		memcpy(&Value, Payload, sizeof(Guid));
-		Value.A = FromNetworkOrder(Value.A);
-		Value.B = FromNetworkOrder(Value.B);
-		Value.C = FromNetworkOrder(Value.C);
-		Value.D = FromNetworkOrder(Value.D);
-		return Value;
+		return Accessor.AsUuid();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -390,12 +617,40 @@ CbFieldView::AsObjectId()
 Oid
 CbFieldView::AsObjectId(const Oid& Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsObjectId(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsObjectId(Accessor.GetType()))
+	{
+		Error = CbFieldError::None;
+		return Accessor.AsObjectId();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Error = CbFieldError::TypeError;
+		return Default;
+	}
+}
+
+CbCustomById
+CbFieldView::AsCustomById(CbCustomById Default)
+{
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsCustomById(Accessor.GetType()))
+	{
+		Error = CbFieldError::None;
+		return Accessor.AsCustomById();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Error = CbFieldError::TypeError;
+		return Default;
+	}
+}
+
+CbCustomByName
+CbFieldView::AsCustomByName(CbCustomByName Default)
+{
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsCustomByName(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		Oid Value;
-		memcpy(&Value, Payload, sizeof(Oid));
-		return Value;
+		return Accessor.AsCustomByName();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -407,10 +662,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsObjectId(const Oid& Default)
 int64_t
 CbFieldView::AsDateTimeTicks(const int64_t Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsDateTime(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsDateTime(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<int64_t>(Payload));
+		return Accessor.AsDateTimeTicks();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -434,10 +689,10 @@ CbFieldView::AsDateTime(DateTime Default)
 int64_t
 CbFieldView::AsTimeSpanTicks(const int64_t Default)
 {
-	if (CbFieldTypeOps::IsTimeSpan(Type))
+	if (CbValue Accessor = GetValue(); CbFieldTypeOps::IsTimeSpan(Accessor.GetType()))
 	{
 		Error = CbFieldError::None;
-		return FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<int64_t>(Payload));
+		return Accessor.AsTimeSpanTicks();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -1146,6 +1401,259 @@ SaveCompactBinary(BinaryWriter& Ar, const CbObjectView& Object)
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+class CbJsonWriter
+{
+public:
+	explicit CbJsonWriter(StringBuilderBase& InBuilder) : Builder(InBuilder) { NewLineAndIndent << LINE_TERMINATOR_ANSI; }
+
+	void WriteField(CbFieldView Field)
+	{
+		using namespace fmt::literals;
+		using namespace std::literals;
+
+		WriteOptionalComma();
+		WriteOptionalNewLine();
+
+		if (std::u8string_view Name = Field.GetU8Name(); !Name.empty())
+		{
+			AppendQuotedString(Name);
+			Builder << ": "sv;
+		}
+
+		switch (CbValue Accessor = Field.GetValue(); Accessor.GetType())
+		{
+			case CbFieldType::Null:
+				Builder << "null"sv;
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Object:
+			case CbFieldType::UniformObject:
+				{
+					Builder << '{';
+					NewLineAndIndent << '\t';
+					NeedsNewLine = true;
+					for (CbFieldView It : Field)
+					{
+						WriteField(It);
+					}
+					NewLineAndIndent.RemoveSuffix(1);
+					if (NeedsComma)
+					{
+						WriteOptionalNewLine();
+					}
+					Builder << '}';
+				}
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Array:
+			case CbFieldType::UniformArray:
+				{
+					Builder << '[';
+					NewLineAndIndent << '\t';
+					NeedsNewLine = true;
+					for (CbFieldView It : Field)
+					{
+						WriteField(It);
+					}
+					NewLineAndIndent.RemoveSuffix(1);
+					if (NeedsComma)
+					{
+						WriteOptionalNewLine();
+					}
+					Builder << ']';
+				}
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Binary:
+				AppendBase64String(Accessor.AsBinary());
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::String:
+				AppendQuotedString(Accessor.AsU8String());
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::IntegerPositive:
+				Builder << Accessor.AsIntegerPositive();
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::IntegerNegative:
+				Builder << Accessor.AsIntegerNegative();
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Float32:
+				Builder.Append("%.9g"_format(Accessor.AsFloat32()));
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Float64:
+				Builder.Append("%.17g"_format(Accessor.AsFloat64()));
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::BoolFalse:
+				Builder << "false"sv;
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::BoolTrue:
+				Builder << "true"sv;
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::ObjectAttachment:
+			case CbFieldType::BinaryAttachment:
+				{
+					Builder << '"';
+					Accessor.AsAttachment().ToHexString(Builder);
+					Builder << '"';
+				}
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Hash:
+				{
+					Builder << '"';
+					Accessor.AsHash().ToHexString(Builder);
+					Builder << '"';
+				}
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::Uuid:
+				{
+					Builder << '"';
+					Accessor.AsUuid().ToString(Builder);
+					Builder << '"';
+				}
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::DateTime:
+				Builder << '"' << DateTime(Accessor.AsDateTimeTicks()).ToIso8601() << '"';
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::TimeSpan:
+				{
+					const TimeSpan Span(Accessor.AsTimeSpanTicks());
+					if (Span.GetDays() == 0)
+					{
+						Builder << '"' << Span.ToString("%h:%m:%s.%n") << '"';
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						Builder << '"' << Span.ToString("%d.%h:%m:%s.%n") << '"';
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+			case CbFieldType::ObjectId:
+				Builder << '"';
+				Accessor.AsObjectId().ToString(Builder);
+				Builder << '"';
+				break;
+			case CbFieldType::CustomById:
+				{
+					CbCustomById Custom = Accessor.AsCustomById();
+					Builder << "{ \"Id\": ";
+					Builder << Custom.Id;
+					Builder << ", \"Data\": ";
+					AppendBase64String(Custom.Data);
+					Builder << " }";
+					break;
+				}
+			case CbFieldType::CustomByName:
+				{
+					CbCustomByName Custom = Accessor.AsCustomByName();
+					Builder << "{ \"Name\": ";
+					AppendQuotedString(Custom.Name);
+					Builder << ", \"Data\": ";
+					AppendBase64String(Custom.Data);
+					Builder << " }";
+					break;
+				}
+			default:
+				ZEN_ASSERT(false);
+				break;
+		}
+
+		NeedsComma	 = true;
+		NeedsNewLine = true;
+	}
+
+private:
+	void WriteOptionalComma()
+	{
+		if (NeedsComma)
+		{
+			NeedsComma = false;
+			Builder << ',';
+		}
+	}
+
+	void WriteOptionalNewLine()
+	{
+		if (NeedsNewLine)
+		{
+			NeedsNewLine = false;
+			Builder << NewLineAndIndent;
+		}
+	}
+
+	void AppendQuotedString(std::u8string_view Value)
+	{
+		using namespace std::literals;
+
+		const AsciiSet EscapeSet(
+			"\\\"\b\f\n\r\t"
+			"\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f"
+			"\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f");
+
+		Builder << '\"';
+		while (!Value.empty())
+		{
+			std::u8string_view Verbatim = AsciiSet::FindPrefixWithout(Value, EscapeSet);
+			Builder << Verbatim;
+
+			Value = Value.substr(Verbatim.size());
+
+			std::u8string_view Escape = AsciiSet::FindPrefixWith(Value, EscapeSet);
+			for (char Char : Escape)
+			{
+				switch (Char)
+				{
+					case '\\':
+						Builder << "\\\\"sv;
+						break;
+					case '\"':
+						Builder << "\\\""sv;
+						break;
+					case '\b':
+						Builder << "\\b"sv;
+						break;
+					case '\f':
+						Builder << "\\f"sv;
+						break;
+					case '\n':
+						Builder << "\\n"sv;
+						break;
+					case '\r':
+						Builder << "\\r"sv;
+						break;
+					case '\t':
+						Builder << "\\t"sv;
+						break;
+					default:
+						Builder << Char;
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+			Value = Value.substr(Escape.size());
+		}
+		Builder << '\"';
+	}
+
+	void AppendBase64String(MemoryView Value)
+	{
+		Builder << '"';
+		ZEN_ASSERT(Value.GetSize() <= 512 * 1024 * 1024);
+		const uint32_t EncodedSize	= Base64::GetEncodedDataSize(uint32_t(Value.GetSize()));
+		const size_t   EncodedIndex = Builder.AddUninitialized(size_t(EncodedSize));
+		Base64::Encode(static_cast<const uint8_t*>(Value.GetData()), uint32_t(Value.GetSize()), Builder.Data() + EncodedIndex);
+	}
+
+private:
+	StringBuilderBase& Builder;
+	StringBuilder<32>  NewLineAndIndent;
+	bool			   NeedsComma{false};
+	bool			   NeedsNewLine{false};
+};
+
+void
+CompactBinaryToJson(const CbObjectView& Object, StringBuilderBase& Builder)
+{
+	CbJsonWriter Writer(Builder);
+	Writer.WriteField(Object.AsFieldView());
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
 #if ZEN_WITH_TESTS
 void
 uson_forcelink()
@@ -1298,6 +1806,32 @@ TEST_CASE("uson.null")
 		CHECK(Field.IsNull() == false);
 	}
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("uson.json")
+{
+	SUBCASE("string")
+	{
+		CbObjectWriter Writer;
+		Writer << "KeyOne"
+			   << "ValueOne";
+		Writer << "KeyTwo"
+			   << "ValueTwo";
+		CbObject Obj = Writer.Save();
+
+		StringBuilder<128>	   Sb;
+		const std::string_view JsonText = Obj.ToJson(Sb).ToView();
+
+		std::string	 JsonError;
+		json11::Json Json = json11::Json::parse(JsonText.data(), JsonError);
+
+		const std::string ValueOne = Json["KeyOne"].string_value();
+		const std::string ValueTwo = Json["KeyTwo"].string_value();
+
+		CHECK(JsonError.empty());
+		CHECK(ValueOne == "ValueOne");
+		CHECK(ValueTwo == "ValueTwo");
+	}
+}
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/except.cpp b/zencore/except.cpp
index 0167c406f..ebaecf815 100644
--- a/zencore/except.cpp
+++ b/zencore/except.cpp
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ ThrowSystemError(uint32_t ErrorCode, std::string_view Message)
 std::string
 GetLastErrorAsString()
 {
-	return GetErrorAsString(zen::GetLastError());
+	return GetSystemErrorAsString(zen::GetLastError());
 }
 
 std::string
-GetErrorAsString(uint32_t ErrorCode)
+GetSystemErrorAsString(uint32_t ErrorCode)
 {
 	return std::error_code(ErrorCode, std::system_category()).message();
 }
diff --git a/zencore/filesystem.cpp b/zencore/filesystem.cpp
index 8ddcbac52..d1b8b7aeb 100644
--- a/zencore/filesystem.cpp
+++ b/zencore/filesystem.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <zencore/iobuffer.h>
 #include <zencore/logging.h>
 #include <zencore/string.h>
+#include <zencore/testing.h>
+
 #if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 #	include <zencore/windows.h>
 #endif
@@ -24,8 +26,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <filesystem>
-
-#include <doctest/doctest.h>
 #include <gsl/gsl-lite.hpp>
 
 namespace zen {
@@ -158,13 +158,11 @@ CleanDirectory(const wchar_t* DirPath)
 	{
 		return WipeDirectory(DirPath);
 	}
-	else
-	{
-		return CreateDirectories(DirPath);
-	}
+
+	return CreateDirectories(DirPath);
 }
 
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 bool
 CreateDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& Dir)
@@ -240,7 +238,7 @@ SupportsBlockRefCounting(std::filesystem::path Path)
 	return true;
 #else
 	return false;
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
 bool
@@ -404,7 +402,7 @@ CloneFile(std::filesystem::path FromPath, std::filesystem::path ToPath)
 #else
 	ZEN_ERROR("CloneFile() is not implemented on this platform");
 	return false;
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
 bool
@@ -445,7 +443,7 @@ CopyFile(std::filesystem::path FromPath, std::filesystem::path ToPath, const Cop
 #else
 	ZEN_ERROR("CopyFile() is not implemented on this platform");
 	return false;
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
 void
@@ -504,7 +502,7 @@ WriteFile(std::filesystem::path Path, const IoBuffer* const* Data, size_t Buffer
 			{
 				ThrowLastError("File write failed for '{}'"_format(Path));
 			}
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 			WriteSize -= ChunkSize;
 			DataPtr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(DataPtr) + ChunkSize;
@@ -528,7 +526,7 @@ FileContents
 ReadFile(std::filesystem::path Path)
 {
 	uint64_t FileSizeBytes;
-	void* Handle;
+	void*	 Handle;
 
 #if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 	ATL::CHandle FromFile(CreateFileW(Path.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, nullptr));
@@ -545,7 +543,7 @@ ReadFile(std::filesystem::path Path)
 	}
 
 	FileSizeBytes = FileSize.EndOfFile.QuadPart;
-	Handle = FromFile.Detach();
+	Handle		  = FromFile.Detach();
 #else
 	int Fd = open(Path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
 	if (Fd < 0)
@@ -558,7 +556,7 @@ ReadFile(std::filesystem::path Path)
 	fstat(Fd, &Stat);
 
 	FileSizeBytes = Stat.st_size;
-	Handle = (void*)uintptr_t(Fd);
+	Handle		  = (void*)uintptr_t(Fd);
 #endif
 
 	FileContents Contents;
@@ -599,7 +597,7 @@ ScanFile(std::filesystem::path Path, const uint64_t ChunkSize, std::function<voi
 #else
 	ZEN_ERROR("ScanFile() is not implemented on this platform");
 	return false;
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
 std::string
@@ -622,11 +620,8 @@ FileSystemTraversal::TraverseFileSystem(const std::filesystem::path& RootDir, Tr
 	bool					  Continue = true;
 
 	CAtlFile RootDirHandle;
-	HRESULT	 hRes = RootDirHandle.Create(RootDir.c_str(),
-										 GENERIC_READ,
-										 FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
-										 OPEN_EXISTING,
-										 FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
+	HRESULT	 hRes =
+		RootDirHandle.Create(RootDir.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
 
 	if (FAILED(hRes))
 	{
@@ -682,7 +677,9 @@ FileSystemTraversal::TraverseFileSystem(const std::filesystem::path& RootDir, Tr
 			}
 			else if (DirInfo->FileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)
 			{
-				ZEN_WARN("encountered device node during file system traversal: {} found in {}", WideToUtf8(FileName), WideToUtf8(RootDir.c_str()));
+				ZEN_WARN("encountered device node during file system traversal: {} found in {}",
+						 WideToUtf8(FileName),
+						 WideToUtf8(RootDir.c_str()));
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -714,7 +711,7 @@ FileSystemTraversal::TraverseFileSystem(const std::filesystem::path& RootDir, Tr
 	{
 		const char* FileName = Entry->d_name;
 
-		struct stat Stat;
+		struct stat			  Stat;
 		std::filesystem::path FullPath = RootDir / FileName;
 		stat(FullPath.c_str(), &Stat);
 
@@ -736,16 +733,16 @@ FileSystemTraversal::TraverseFileSystem(const std::filesystem::path& RootDir, Tr
 		else
 		{
 			ZEN_WARN("encountered non-regular file during file system traversal ({}): {} found in {}",
-				Stat.st_mode, FileName, RootDir.c_str());
+					 Stat.st_mode,
+					 FileName,
+					 RootDir.c_str());
 		}
 	}
 
 	closedir(Dir);
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
-
-
 std::filesystem::path
 PathFromHandle(void* NativeHandle)
 {
@@ -776,7 +773,7 @@ PathFromHandle(void* NativeHandle)
 	return Buffer;
 #else
 #	error Unimplemented platform
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
 std::filesystem::path
@@ -798,16 +795,16 @@ GetRunningExecutablePath()
 	return Buffer;
 #else
 #	error Unimplemented platform
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 }
 
-
-
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Testing related code follows...
 //
 
+#if ZEN_WITH_TESTS
+
 void
 filesystem_forcelink()
 {
@@ -824,24 +821,23 @@ TEST_CASE("filesystem")
 
 	// PathFromHandle
 	void* Handle;
-#if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
-	Handle = CreateFileW(BinPath.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr,
-		OPEN_EXISTING, 0, nullptr);
+#	if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+	Handle = CreateFileW(BinPath.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, nullptr);
 	CHECK(Handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
-#else
+#	else
 	int Fd = open(BinPath.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
 	CHECK(Fd >= 0);
 	Handle = (void*)uintptr_t(Fd);
-#endif
+#	endif
 
 	auto FromHandle = PathFromHandle((void*)uintptr_t(Handle));
 	CHECK(equivalent(FromHandle, BinPath));
 
-#if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#	if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 	CloseHandle(Handle);
-#else
+#	else
 	close(int(uintptr_t(Handle)));
-#endif
+#	endif
 
 	// Traversal
 	struct : public FileSystemTraversal::TreeVisitor
@@ -851,13 +847,10 @@ TEST_CASE("filesystem")
 			bFoundExpected |= std::filesystem::equivalent(Parent / File, Expected);
 		}
 
-		virtual bool VisitDirectory(const std::filesystem::path&, const path_view&) override
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
+		virtual bool VisitDirectory(const std::filesystem::path&, const path_view&) override { return true; }
 
-		bool					bFoundExpected = false;
-		std::filesystem::path	Expected;
+		bool				  bFoundExpected = false;
+		std::filesystem::path Expected;
 	} Visitor;
 	Visitor.Expected = BinPath;
 
@@ -865,4 +858,6 @@ TEST_CASE("filesystem")
 	CHECK(Visitor.bFoundExpected);
 }
 
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/base64.h b/zencore/include/zencore/base64.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d78b085f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/base64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "zencore.h"
+
+namespace zen {
+
+struct Base64
+{
+	template<typename CharType>
+	static uint32_t Encode(const uint8_t* Source, uint32_t Length, CharType* Dest);
+
+	static inline constexpr int32_t GetEncodedDataSize(uint32_t Size) { return ((Size + 2) / 3) * 4; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinary.h b/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinary.h
index 4fce129ea..ab01402f8 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinary.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinary.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class CbArrayView;
 class BinaryReader;
 class BinaryWriter;
 class CompressedBuffer;
+class CbValue;
 
 class DateTime
 {
@@ -41,8 +42,22 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	inline uint64_t GetTicks() const { return Ticks; }
-	inline bool		operator==(const DateTime& Rhs) const { return Ticks == Rhs.Ticks; }
-	inline auto		operator<=>(const DateTime& Rhs) const { return Ticks - Rhs.Ticks; }
+
+	int	 GetYear() const;
+	int	 GetMonth() const;
+	int	 GetDay() const;
+	int	 GetHour() const;
+	int	 GetHour12() const;
+	int	 GetMinute() const;
+	int	 GetSecond() const;
+	int	 GetMillisecond() const;
+	void GetDate(int& Year, int& Month, int& Day) const;
+
+	inline bool operator==(const DateTime& Rhs) const { return Ticks == Rhs.Ticks; }
+	inline auto operator<=>(const DateTime& Rhs) const { return Ticks - Rhs.Ticks; }
+
+	std::string ToString(const char* Format) const;
+	std::string ToIso8601() const;
 
 private:
 	void	 Set(int Year, int Month, int Day, int Hours, int Minutes, int Seconds, int MilliSecond);
@@ -98,6 +113,25 @@ public:
 	/** The number of timespan ticks per year (365 days, not accounting for leap years). */
 	static constexpr int64_t TicksPerYear = 365 * TicksPerDay;
 
+	int GetFractionTicks() const { return (int)(Ticks % TicksPerSecond); }
+
+	int GetFractionMicro() const { return (int)((Ticks % TicksPerSecond) / TicksPerMicrosecond); }
+
+	int GetFractionMilli() const { return (int)((Ticks % TicksPerSecond) / TicksPerMillisecond); }
+
+	int GetFractionNano() const { return (int)((Ticks % TicksPerSecond) * NanosecondsPerTick); }
+
+	int GetDays() const { return (int)(Ticks / TicksPerDay); }
+
+	int GetHours() const { return (int)((Ticks / TicksPerHour) % 24); }
+
+	int GetMinutes() const { return (int)((Ticks / TicksPerMinute) % 60); }
+
+	int GetSeconds() const { return (int)((Ticks / TicksPerSecond) % 60); }
+
+	ZENCORE_API std::string ToString(const char* Format) const;
+	ZENCORE_API std::string ToString() const;
+
 private:
 	void Set(int Days, int Hours, int Minutes, int Seconds, int FractionNano);
 
@@ -107,6 +141,8 @@ private:
 struct Guid
 {
 	uint32_t A, B, C, D;
+
+	StringBuilderBase& ToString(StringBuilderBase& OutString) const;
 };
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -318,6 +354,9 @@ public:
 	static constexpr inline bool IsUuid(CbFieldType Type) { return GetType(Type) == CbFieldType::Uuid; }
 	static constexpr inline bool IsObjectId(CbFieldType Type) { return GetType(Type) == CbFieldType::ObjectId; }
 
+	static constexpr inline bool IsCustomById(CbFieldType Type) { return GetType(Type) == CbFieldType::CustomById; }
+	static constexpr inline bool IsCustomByName(CbFieldType Type) { return GetType(Type) == CbFieldType::CustomByName; }
+
 	static constexpr inline bool IsDateTime(CbFieldType Type) { return GetType(Type) == CbFieldType::DateTime; }
 	static constexpr inline bool IsTimeSpan(CbFieldType Type) { return GetType(Type) == CbFieldType::TimeSpan; }
 
@@ -365,6 +404,46 @@ public:
 	virtual void VisitTimeSpan(TimeSpan Value)				= 0;
 };
 
+/** A custom compact binary field type with an integer identifier. */
+struct CbCustomById
+{
+	/** An identifier for the sub-type of the field. */
+	uint64_t Id = 0;
+	/** A view of the value. Lifetime is tied to the field that the value is associated with. */
+	MemoryView Data;
+};
+
+/** A custom compact binary field type with a string identifier. */
+struct CbCustomByName
+{
+	/** An identifier for the sub-type of the field. Lifetime is tied to the field that the name is associated with. */
+	std::u8string_view Name;
+	/** A view of the value. Lifetime is tied to the field that the value is associated with. */
+	MemoryView Data;
+};
+
+namespace CompactBinaryPrivate {
+	/** Parameters for converting to an integer. */
+	struct IntegerParams
+	{
+		/** Whether the output type has a sign bit. */
+		uint32_t IsSigned : 1;
+		/** Bits of magnitude. (7 for int8) */
+		uint32_t MagnitudeBits : 31;
+	};
+
+	/** Make integer params for the given integer type. */
+	template<typename IntType>
+	static constexpr inline IntegerParams MakeIntegerParams()
+	{
+		IntegerParams Params;
+		Params.IsSigned		 = IntType(-1) < IntType(0);
+		Params.MagnitudeBits = 8 * sizeof(IntType) - Params.IsSigned;
+		return Params;
+	}
+
+}  // namespace CompactBinaryPrivate
+
 /**
  * An atom of data in the compact binary format.
  *
@@ -393,13 +472,25 @@ public:
 
 	ZENCORE_API CbFieldView(const void* DataPointer, CbFieldType FieldType = CbFieldType::HasFieldType);
 
+	/** Construct a field from a value, without access to the name. */
+	inline explicit CbFieldView(const CbValue& Value);
+
 	/** Returns the name of the field if it has a name, otherwise an empty view. */
 	constexpr inline std::string_view GetName() const { return std::string_view(static_cast<const char*>(Payload) - NameLen, NameLen); }
+	/** Returns the name of the field if it has a name, otherwise an empty view. */
+	constexpr inline std::u8string_view GetU8Name() const
+	{
+		return std::u8string_view(static_cast<const char8_t*>(Payload) - NameLen, NameLen);
+	}
+
+	/** Returns the value for unchecked access. Prefer the typed accessors below. */
+	inline CbValue GetValue() const;
 
 	ZENCORE_API MemoryView	 AsBinaryView(MemoryView Default = MemoryView());
 	ZENCORE_API CbObjectView AsObjectView();
 	ZENCORE_API CbArrayView	 AsArrayView();
 	ZENCORE_API std::string_view AsString(std::string_view Default = std::string_view());
+	ZENCORE_API std::u8string_view AsU8String(std::u8string_view Default = std::u8string_view());
 
 	ZENCORE_API void IterateAttachments(std::function<void(CbFieldView)> Visitor) const;
 
@@ -448,6 +539,11 @@ public:
 	/** Access the field as a OID. Returns the provided default on error. */
 	ZENCORE_API Oid AsObjectId(const Oid& Default);
 
+	/** Access the field as a custom sub-type with an integer identifier. Returns the provided default on error. */
+	ZENCORE_API CbCustomById AsCustomById(CbCustomById Default);
+	/** Access the field as a custom sub-type with a string identifier. Returns the provided default on error. */
+	ZENCORE_API CbCustomByName AsCustomByName(CbCustomByName Default);
+
 	/** Access the field as a date/time tick count. Returns the provided default on error. */
 	ZENCORE_API int64_t AsDateTimeTicks(int64_t Default = 0);
 
@@ -590,25 +686,6 @@ protected:
 	}
 
 private:
-	/** Parameters for converting to an integer. */
-	struct IntegerParams
-	{
-		/** Whether the output type has a sign bit. */
-		uint32_t IsSigned : 1;
-		/** Bits of magnitude. (7 for int8) */
-		uint32_t MagnitudeBits : 31;
-	};
-
-	/** Make integer params for the given integer type. */
-	template<typename IntType>
-	static constexpr inline IntegerParams MakeIntegerParams()
-	{
-		IntegerParams Params;
-		Params.IsSigned		 = IntType(-1) < IntType(0);
-		Params.MagnitudeBits = 8 * sizeof(IntType) - Params.IsSigned;
-		return Params;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Access the field as the given integer type.
 	 *
@@ -617,11 +694,12 @@ private:
 	template<typename IntType>
 	inline IntType AsInteger(IntType Default)
 	{
-		return IntType(AsInteger(uint64_t(Default), MakeIntegerParams<IntType>()));
+		return IntType(AsInteger(uint64_t(Default), CompactBinaryPrivate::MakeIntegerParams<IntType>()));
 	}
 
-	ZENCORE_API uint64_t AsInteger(uint64_t Default, IntegerParams Params);
+	ZENCORE_API uint64_t AsInteger(uint64_t Default, CompactBinaryPrivate::IntegerParams Params);
 
+private:
 	/** The field type, with the transient HasFieldType flag if the field contains its type. */
 	CbFieldType Type = CbFieldType::None;
 	/** The error (if any) that occurred on the last field access. */
@@ -869,6 +947,11 @@ private:
 	inline explicit CbArrayView(const CbFieldView& Field) : CbFieldView(Field) {}
 };
 
+/**
+ * Serialize a compact binary object to JSON.
+ */
+ZENCORE_API void CompactBinaryToJson(const CbObjectView& Object, StringBuilderBase& Builder);
+
 class CbObjectView : protected CbFieldView
 {
 	friend class CbFieldView;
@@ -951,6 +1034,12 @@ public:
 	/** Whether the field has a value. */
 	using CbFieldView::operator bool;
 
+	StringBuilderBase& ToJson(StringBuilderBase& Builder) const
+	{
+		CompactBinaryToJson(*this, Builder);
+		return Builder;
+	}
+
 private:
 	friend inline CbFieldViewIterator begin(const CbObjectView& Object) { return Object.CreateViewIterator(); }
 	friend inline CbFieldViewIterator end(const CbObjectView&) { return CbFieldViewIterator(); }
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinaryvalue.h b/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinaryvalue.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5795ef957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/compactbinaryvalue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Copyright Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <zencore/compactbinary.h>
+#include <zencore/endian.h>
+#include <zencore/iobuffer.h>
+#include <zencore/iohash.h>
+#include <zencore/memory.h>
+
+namespace zen {
+
+namespace CompactBinaryPrivate {
+
+	template<typename T>
+	static constexpr inline T ReadUnaligned(const void* const Memory)
+	{
+#if PLATFORM_SUPPORTS_UNALIGNED_LOADS
+		return *static_cast<const T*>(Memory);
+#else
+		T Value;
+		memcpy(&Value, Memory, sizeof(Value));
+		return Value;
+#endif
+	}
+}  // namespace CompactBinaryPrivate
+/**
+ * A type that provides unchecked access to compact binary values.
+ *
+ * The main purpose of the type is to efficiently switch on field type. For every other use case,
+ * prefer to use the field, array, and object types directly. The accessors here do not check the
+ * type before reading the value, which means they can read out of bounds even on a valid compact
+ * binary value if the wrong accessor is used.
+ */
+class CbValue
+{
+public:
+	CbValue(CbFieldType Type, const void* Value);
+
+	CbObjectView AsObjectView() const;
+	CbArrayView	 AsArrayView() const;
+
+	MemoryView AsBinary() const;
+
+	/** Access as a string. Checks for range errors and uses the default if OutError is not null. */
+	std::string_view AsString(CbFieldError* OutError = nullptr, std::string_view Default = std::string_view()) const;
+
+	/** Access as a string as UTF8. Checks for range errors and uses the default if OutError is not null. */
+	std::u8string_view AsU8String(CbFieldError* OutError = nullptr, std::u8string_view Default = std::u8string_view()) const;
+
+	/**
+	 * Access as an integer, with both positive and negative values returned as unsigned.
+	 *
+	 * Checks for range errors and uses the default if OutError is not null.
+	 */
+	uint64_t AsInteger(CompactBinaryPrivate::IntegerParams Params, CbFieldError* OutError = nullptr, uint64_t Default = 0) const;
+
+	uint64_t AsIntegerPositive() const;
+	int64_t	 AsIntegerNegative() const;
+
+	float  AsFloat32() const;
+	double AsFloat64() const;
+
+	bool AsBool() const;
+
+	inline IoHash AsObjectAttachment() const { return AsHash(); }
+	inline IoHash AsBinaryAttachment() const { return AsHash(); }
+	inline IoHash AsAttachment() const { return AsHash(); }
+
+	IoHash AsHash() const;
+	Guid   AsUuid() const;
+
+	int64_t AsDateTimeTicks() const;
+	int64_t AsTimeSpanTicks() const;
+
+	Oid AsObjectId() const;
+
+	CbCustomById   AsCustomById() const;
+	CbCustomByName AsCustomByName() const;
+
+	inline CbFieldType GetType() const { return Type; }
+	inline const void* GetData() const { return Data; }
+
+private:
+	const void* Data;
+	CbFieldType Type;
+};
+
+inline CbFieldView::CbFieldView(const CbValue& InValue) : Type(InValue.GetType()), Payload(InValue.GetData())
+{
+}
+
+inline CbValue
+CbFieldView::GetValue() const
+{
+	return CbValue(CbFieldTypeOps::GetType(Type), Payload);
+}
+
+inline CbValue::CbValue(CbFieldType InType, const void* InValue) : Data(InValue), Type(InType)
+{
+}
+
+inline CbObjectView
+CbValue::AsObjectView() const
+{
+	return CbObjectView(*this);
+}
+
+inline CbArrayView
+CbValue::AsArrayView() const
+{
+	return CbArrayView(*this);
+}
+
+inline MemoryView
+CbValue::AsBinary() const
+{
+	const uint8_t* const Bytes = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(Data);
+	uint32_t			 ValueSizeByteCount;
+	const uint64_t		 ValueSize = ReadVarUInt(Bytes, ValueSizeByteCount);
+	return MakeMemoryView(Bytes + ValueSizeByteCount, ValueSize);
+}
+
+inline std::string_view
+CbValue::AsString(CbFieldError* OutError, std::string_view Default) const
+{
+	const char* const Chars = static_cast<const char*>(Data);
+	uint32_t		  ValueSizeByteCount;
+	const uint64_t	  ValueSize = ReadVarUInt(Chars, ValueSizeByteCount);
+
+	if (OutError)
+	{
+		if (ValueSize >= (uint64_t(1) << 31))
+		{
+			*OutError = CbFieldError::RangeError;
+			return Default;
+		}
+		*OutError = CbFieldError::None;
+	}
+
+	return std::string_view(Chars + ValueSizeByteCount, int32_t(ValueSize));
+}
+
+inline std::u8string_view
+CbValue::AsU8String(CbFieldError* OutError, std::u8string_view Default) const
+{
+	const char8_t* const Chars = static_cast<const char8_t*>(Data);
+	uint32_t			 ValueSizeByteCount;
+	const uint64_t		 ValueSize = ReadVarUInt(Chars, ValueSizeByteCount);
+
+	if (OutError)
+	{
+		if (ValueSize >= (uint64_t(1) << 31))
+		{
+			*OutError = CbFieldError::RangeError;
+			return Default;
+		}
+		*OutError = CbFieldError::None;
+	}
+
+	return std::u8string_view(Chars + ValueSizeByteCount, int32_t(ValueSize));
+}
+
+inline uint64_t
+CbValue::AsInteger(CompactBinaryPrivate::IntegerParams Params, CbFieldError* OutError, uint64_t Default) const
+{
+	// A shift of a 64-bit value by 64 is undefined so shift by one less because magnitude is never zero.
+	const uint64_t OutOfRangeMask = uint64_t(-2) << (Params.MagnitudeBits - 1);
+	const uint64_t IsNegative	  = uint8_t(Type) & 1;
+
+	uint32_t	   MagnitudeByteCount;
+	const uint64_t Magnitude = ReadVarUInt(Data, MagnitudeByteCount);
+	const uint64_t Value	 = Magnitude ^ -int64_t(IsNegative);
+
+	if (OutError)
+	{
+		const uint64_t IsInRange = (!(Magnitude & OutOfRangeMask)) & ((!IsNegative) | Params.IsSigned);
+		*OutError				 = IsInRange ? CbFieldError::None : CbFieldError::RangeError;
+
+		const uint64_t UseValueMask = -int64_t(IsInRange);
+		return (Value & UseValueMask) | (Default & ~UseValueMask);
+	}
+
+	return Value;
+}
+
+inline uint64_t
+CbValue::AsIntegerPositive() const
+{
+	uint32_t MagnitudeByteCount;
+	return ReadVarUInt(Data, MagnitudeByteCount);
+}
+
+inline int64_t
+CbValue::AsIntegerNegative() const
+{
+	uint32_t MagnitudeByteCount;
+	return int64_t(ReadVarUInt(Data, MagnitudeByteCount)) ^ -int64_t(1);
+}
+
+inline float
+CbValue::AsFloat32() const
+{
+	const uint32_t Value = FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<uint32_t>(Data));
+	return reinterpret_cast<const float&>(Value);
+}
+
+inline double
+CbValue::AsFloat64() const
+{
+	const uint64_t Value = FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<uint64_t>(Data));
+	return reinterpret_cast<const double&>(Value);
+}
+
+inline bool
+CbValue::AsBool() const
+{
+	return uint8_t(Type) & 1;
+}
+
+inline IoHash
+CbValue::AsHash() const
+{
+	return IoHash::MakeFrom(Data);
+}
+
+inline Guid
+CbValue::AsUuid() const
+{
+	Guid Value;
+	memcpy(&Value, Data, sizeof(Guid));
+	Value.A = FromNetworkOrder(Value.A);
+	Value.B = FromNetworkOrder(Value.B);
+	Value.C = FromNetworkOrder(Value.C);
+	Value.D = FromNetworkOrder(Value.D);
+	return Value;
+}
+
+inline int64_t
+CbValue::AsDateTimeTicks() const
+{
+	return FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<int64_t>(Data));
+}
+
+inline int64_t
+CbValue::AsTimeSpanTicks() const
+{
+	return FromNetworkOrder(CompactBinaryPrivate::ReadUnaligned<int64_t>(Data));
+}
+
+inline Oid
+CbValue::AsObjectId() const
+{
+	return Oid::FromMemory(Data);
+}
+
+inline CbCustomById
+CbValue::AsCustomById() const
+{
+	const uint8_t* Bytes = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(Data);
+	uint32_t	   DataSizeByteCount;
+	const uint64_t DataSize = ReadVarUInt(Bytes, DataSizeByteCount);
+	Bytes += DataSizeByteCount;
+
+	CbCustomById Value;
+	uint32_t	 TypeIdByteCount;
+	Value.Id   = ReadVarUInt(Bytes, TypeIdByteCount);
+	Value.Data = MakeMemoryView(Bytes + TypeIdByteCount, DataSize - TypeIdByteCount);
+	return Value;
+}
+
+inline CbCustomByName
+CbValue::AsCustomByName() const
+{
+	const uint8_t* Bytes = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(Data);
+	uint32_t	   DataSizeByteCount;
+	const uint64_t DataSize = ReadVarUInt(Bytes, DataSizeByteCount);
+	Bytes += DataSizeByteCount;
+
+	uint32_t	   TypeNameLenByteCount;
+	const uint64_t TypeNameLen = ReadVarUInt(Bytes, TypeNameLenByteCount);
+	Bytes += TypeNameLenByteCount;
+
+	CbCustomByName Value;
+	Value.Name = std::u8string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char8_t*>(Bytes), static_cast<std::u8string_view::size_type>(TypeNameLen));
+	Value.Data = MakeMemoryView(Bytes + TypeNameLen, DataSize - TypeNameLen - TypeNameLenByteCount);
+	return Value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/except.h b/zencore/include/zencore/except.h
index 1dc6209d6..e0e4aaae0 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/except.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/except.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ZENCORE_API void ThrowLastError [[noreturn]] (std::string_view Message, const st
 ZENCORE_API void ThrowSystemError [[noreturn]] (uint32_t ErrorCode, std::string_view Message);
 
 ZENCORE_API std::string GetLastErrorAsString();
-ZENCORE_API std::string GetErrorAsString(uint32_t ErrorCode);
+ZENCORE_API std::string GetSystemErrorAsString(uint32_t Win32ErrorCode);
 
 inline int32_t
 GetLastError()
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/filesystem.h b/zencore/include/zencore/filesystem.h
index 66ab37e5c..6678528f6 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/filesystem.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/filesystem.h
@@ -14,19 +14,16 @@ class IoBuffer;
 
 /** Delete directory (after deleting any contents)
  */
-ZENCORE_API bool DeleteDirectories(const wchar_t* dir);
 ZENCORE_API bool DeleteDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& dir);
 
 /** Ensure directory exists.
 
 	Will also create any required parent directories
  */
-ZENCORE_API bool CreateDirectories(const wchar_t* dir);
 ZENCORE_API bool CreateDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& dir);
 
 /** Ensure directory exists and delete contents (if any) before returning
  */
-ZENCORE_API bool CleanDirectory(const wchar_t* dir);
 ZENCORE_API bool CleanDirectory(const std::filesystem::path& dir);
 
 /** Map native file handle to a path
@@ -82,6 +79,6 @@ public:
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-void filesystem_forcelink(); // internal
+void filesystem_forcelink();  // internal
 
 }  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/iobuffer.h b/zencore/include/zencore/iobuffer.h
index 298952dd6..6f3609d19 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/iobuffer.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/iobuffer.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 namespace zen {
 
+struct IoHash;
 struct IoBufferExtendedCore;
 
 enum class ZenContentType : uint8_t
@@ -352,6 +353,8 @@ public:
 	inline static IoBuffer		MakeCloneFromMemory(const void* Ptr, size_t Sz) { return IoBuffer(IoBuffer::Clone, Ptr, Sz); }
 };
 
+IoHash HashBuffer(IoBuffer& Buffer);
+
 void iobuffer_forcelink();
 
 }  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/logging.h b/zencore/include/zencore/logging.h
index 221f5f358..0838cfe80 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/logging.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/logging.h
@@ -39,46 +39,46 @@ using zen::Log;
 
 // Helper macros for logging
 
-#define ZEN_TRACE(fmtstr, ...)                 \
-	do                                         \
-	{                                          \
-		using namespace std::literals;         \
-		Log().trace(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
+#define ZEN_TRACE(fmtstr, ...)                  \
+	do                                          \
+	{                                           \
+		using namespace std::literals;          \
+		Log().trace(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
 	} while (false)
 
-#define ZEN_DEBUG(fmtstr, ...)                 \
+#define ZEN_DEBUG(fmtstr, ...)                  \
+	do                                          \
+	{                                           \
+		using namespace std::literals;          \
+		Log().debug(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+	} while (false)
+
+#define ZEN_INFO(fmtstr, ...)                  \
 	do                                         \
 	{                                          \
 		using namespace std::literals;         \
-		Log().debug(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
+		Log().info(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
 	} while (false)
 
-#define ZEN_INFO(fmtstr, ...)                 \
-	do                                        \
-	{                                         \
-		using namespace std::literals;        \
-		Log().info(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
-	} while (false)
-
-#define ZEN_WARN(fmtstr, ...)                 \
-	do                                        \
-	{                                         \
-		using namespace std::literals;        \
-		Log().warn(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
-	} while (false)
-
-#define ZEN_ERROR(fmtstr, ...)                 \
+#define ZEN_WARN(fmtstr, ...)                  \
 	do                                         \
 	{                                          \
 		using namespace std::literals;         \
-		Log().error(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
+		Log().warn(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+	} while (false)
+
+#define ZEN_ERROR(fmtstr, ...)                  \
+	do                                          \
+	{                                           \
+		using namespace std::literals;          \
+		Log().error(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
 	} while (false)
 
-#define ZEN_CRITICAL(fmtstr, ...)                 \
-	do                                            \
-	{                                             \
-		using namespace std::literals;            \
-		Log().critical(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
+#define ZEN_CRITICAL(fmtstr, ...)                  \
+	do                                             \
+	{                                              \
+		using namespace std::literals;             \
+		Log().critical(fmtstr##sv, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
 	} while (false)
 
 #define ZEN_CONSOLE(fmtstr, ...)                    \
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/memory.h b/zencore/include/zencore/memory.h
index 3d4db1081..aba391c85 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/memory.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/memory.h
@@ -354,6 +354,12 @@ MakeMemoryView(const void* Data, const void* DataEnd)
 	return MemoryView(Data, DataEnd);
 }
 
+[[nodiscard]] inline MemoryView
+MakeMemoryView(const void* Data, uint64_t Size)
+{
+	return MemoryView(Data, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(Data) + Size);
+}
+
 /**
  * Make a non-owning mutable view of the memory of the initializer list.
  *
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/stats.h b/zencore/include/zencore/stats.h
index 7290fd914..0554f620d 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/stats.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/stats.h
@@ -12,30 +12,44 @@ template<typename T>
 class Gauge
 {
 public:
-	Gauge() : m_value{0} {}
+	Gauge() : m_Value{0} {}
+
+	T	 Value() const { return m_Value; }
+	void SetValue(T Value) { m_Value = Value; }
 
 private:
-	T m_value;
+	std::atomic<T> m_Value;
 };
 
+/** Stats counter
+ *
+ * A counter is modified by adding or subtracting a value from a current value.
+ * This would typically be used to track number of requests in flight, number
+ * of active jobs etc
+ *
+ */
 class Counter
 {
 public:
 	inline void		SetValue(uint64_t Value) { m_count = Value; }
 	inline uint64_t Value() const { return m_count; }
 
-	inline void Increment(int64_t AddValue) { m_count += AddValue; }
-	inline void Decrement(int64_t SubValue) { m_count -= SubValue; }
-	inline void Clear() { m_count = 0; }
+	inline void Increment(int64_t AddValue) { m_count.fetch_add(AddValue); }
+	inline void Decrement(int64_t SubValue) { m_count.fetch_sub(SubValue); }
+	inline void Clear() { m_count.store(0, std::memory_order_release); }
 
 private:
-	std::atomic_uint64_t m_count{0};
+	std::atomic<uint64_t> m_count{0};
 };
 
-/// <summary>
-/// Exponential Weighted Moving Average
-/// </summary>
-class EWMA
+/** Exponential Weighted Moving Average
+
+	This is very raw, to use as little state as possible. If we
+	want to use this more broadly in user code we should perhaps
+	add a more user-friendly wrapper
+ */
+
+class RawEWMA
 {
 public:
 	/// <summary>
@@ -49,16 +63,38 @@ public:
 	double Rate() const;
 
 private:
-	double m_rate = 0;
+	std::atomic<double> m_Rate = 0;
 };
 
 /// <summary>
-/// Tracks rate of events over time (i.e requests/sec)
+/// Tracks rate of events over time (i.e requests/sec), using
+/// exponential moving averages
 /// </summary>
 class Meter
 {
 public:
+	Meter();
+	~Meter();
+
+	double Rate1();					  // One-minute rate
+	double Rate5();					  // Five-minute rate
+	double Rate15();				  // Fifteen-minute rate
+	double MeanRate();				  // Mean rate since instantiation of this meter
+	void   Mark(uint64_t Count = 1);  // Register one or more events
+
 private:
+	std::atomic<uint64_t> m_TotalCount{0};	  // Accumulator counting number of marks since beginning
+	std::atomic<uint64_t> m_PendingCount{0};  // Pending EWMA update accumulator
+	std::atomic<uint64_t> m_StartTick{0};	  // Time this was instantiated (for mean)
+	std::atomic<uint64_t> m_LastTick{0};	  // Timestamp of last EWMA tick
+	std::atomic<int64_t>  m_Remain{0};		  // Tracks the "modulo" of tick time
+	bool				  m_IsFirstTick = true;
+	RawEWMA				  m_RateM1;
+	RawEWMA				  m_RateM5;
+	RawEWMA				  m_RateM15;
+
+	void TickIfNecessary();
+	void Tick();
 };
 
 extern void stats_forcelink();
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/string.h b/zencore/include/zencore/string.h
index bb9b1c896..2c0d10577 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/string.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/string.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <string_view>
 
+#include <type_traits>
+
 namespace zen {
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -94,6 +96,14 @@ public:
 	const StringBuilderImpl& operator=(const StringBuilderImpl&) = delete;
 	const StringBuilderImpl& operator=(const StringBuilderImpl&&) = delete;
 
+	inline size_t AddUninitialized(size_t Count)
+	{
+		EnsureCapacity(Count);
+		const size_t OldCount = Size();
+		m_CurPos += Count;
+		return OldCount;
+	}
+
 	StringBuilderImpl& Append(C OneChar)
 	{
 		EnsureCapacity(1);
@@ -209,6 +219,12 @@ public:
 		return AppendRange(String.data(), String.data() + String.size());
 	}
 
+	inline void RemoveSuffix(int32_t Count)
+	{
+		ZEN_ASSERT(Count <= Size());
+		m_CurPos -= Count;
+	}
+
 	inline const C* c_str() const
 	{
 		EnsureNulTerminated();
@@ -322,6 +338,12 @@ protected:
 
 extern template class StringBuilderImpl<char>;
 
+inline StringBuilderImpl<char>&
+operator<<(StringBuilderImpl<char>& Builder, char Char)
+{
+	return Builder.Append(Char);
+}
+
 class StringBuilderBase : public StringBuilderImpl<char>
 {
 public:
@@ -661,6 +683,303 @@ ForEachStrTok(const std::string_view& Str, char Delim, Fn&& Func)
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+/**
+ * ASCII character bitset useful for fast and readable parsing
+ *
+ * Entirely constexpr. Works with both wide and narrow strings.
+ *
+ * Example use cases:
+ *
+ *   constexpr AsciiSet WhitespaceCharacters(" \v\f\t\r\n");
+ *   bool bIsWhitespace = WhitespaceCharacters.Test(MyChar);
+ *   const char* HelloWorld = AsciiSet::Skip("  \t\tHello world!", WhitespaceCharacters);
+ *
+ *   constexpr AsciiSet XmlEscapeChars("&<>\"'");
+ *   check(AsciiSet::HasNone(EscapedXmlString, XmlEscapeChars));
+ *
+ *   constexpr AsciiSet Delimiters(".:;");
+ *   const TCHAR* DelimiterOrEnd = AsciiSet::FindFirstOrEnd(PrefixedName, Delimiters);
+ *   FString Prefix(PrefixedName, DelimiterOrEnd - PrefixedName);
+ *
+ *   constexpr AsciiSet Slashes("/\\");
+ *   const TCHAR* SlashOrEnd = AsciiSet::FindLastOrEnd(PathName, Slashes);
+ *   const TCHAR* FileName = *SlashOrEnd ? SlashOrEnd + 1 : PathName;
+ */
+class AsciiSet
+{
+public:
+	template<typename CharType, int N>
+	constexpr AsciiSet(const CharType (&Chars)[N]) : AsciiSet(StringToBitset(Chars))
+	{
+	}
+
+	/** Returns true if a character is part of the set */
+	template<typename CharType>
+	constexpr inline bool Contains(CharType Char) const
+	{
+		using UnsignedCharType = std::make_unsigned<CharType>::type;
+
+		return !!TestImpl((UnsignedCharType)Char);
+	}
+
+	/** Returns non-zero if a character is part of the set. Prefer Contains() to avoid VS2019 conversion warnings. */
+	template<typename CharType>
+	constexpr inline uint64_t Test(CharType Char) const
+	{
+		using UnsignedCharType = std::make_unsigned<CharType>::type;
+
+		return TestImpl((UnsignedCharType)Char);
+	}
+
+	/** Create new set with specified character in it */
+	constexpr inline AsciiSet operator+(char Char) const
+	{
+		using UnsignedCharType = std::make_unsigned<char>::type;
+
+		InitData Bitset = {LoMask, HiMask};
+		SetImpl(Bitset, (UnsignedCharType)Char);
+		return AsciiSet(Bitset);
+	}
+
+	/** Create new set containing inverse set of characters - likely including null-terminator */
+	constexpr inline AsciiSet operator~() const { return AsciiSet(~LoMask, ~HiMask); }
+
+	////////// Algorithms for C strings //////////
+
+	/** Find first character of string inside set or end pointer. Never returns null. */
+	template<class CharType>
+	static constexpr const CharType* FindFirstOrEnd(const CharType* Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		for (AsciiSet SetOrNil(Set.LoMask | NilMask, Set.HiMask); !SetOrNil.Test(*Str); ++Str)
+			;
+
+		return Str;
+	}
+
+	/** Find last character of string inside set or end pointer. Never returns null. */
+	template<class CharType>
+	static constexpr const CharType* FindLastOrEnd(const CharType* Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		const CharType* Last = FindFirstOrEnd(Str, Set);
+
+		for (const CharType* It = Last; *It; It = FindFirstOrEnd(It + 1, Set))
+		{
+			Last = It;
+		}
+
+		return Last;
+	}
+
+	/** Find first character of string outside of set. Never returns null. */
+	template<typename CharType>
+	static constexpr const CharType* Skip(const CharType* Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		while (Set.Contains(*Str))
+		{
+			++Str;
+		}
+
+		return Str;
+	}
+
+	/** Test if string contains any character in set */
+	template<typename CharType>
+	static constexpr bool HasAny(const CharType* Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return *FindFirstOrEnd(Str, Set) != '\0';
+	}
+
+	/** Test if string contains no character in set */
+	template<typename CharType>
+	static constexpr bool HasNone(const CharType* Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return *FindFirstOrEnd(Str, Set) == '\0';
+	}
+
+	/** Test if string contains any character outside of set */
+	template<typename CharType>
+	static constexpr bool HasOnly(const CharType* Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return *Skip(Str, Set) == '\0';
+	}
+
+	////////// Algorithms for string types like FStringView and FString //////////
+
+	/** Get initial substring with all characters in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType FindPrefixWith(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Forward, EInclude::Members, EKeep::Head>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Get initial substring with no characters in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType FindPrefixWithout(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Forward, EInclude::NonMembers, EKeep::Head>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Trim initial characters in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType TrimPrefixWith(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Forward, EInclude::Members, EKeep::Tail>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Trim initial characters not in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType TrimPrefixWithout(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Forward, EInclude::NonMembers, EKeep::Tail>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Get trailing substring with all characters in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType FindSuffixWith(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Reverse, EInclude::Members, EKeep::Tail>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Get trailing substring with no characters in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType FindSuffixWithout(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Reverse, EInclude::NonMembers, EKeep::Tail>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Trim trailing characters in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType TrimSuffixWith(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Reverse, EInclude::Members, EKeep::Head>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Trim trailing characters not in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType TrimSuffixWithout(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return Scan<EDir::Reverse, EInclude::NonMembers, EKeep::Head>(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Test if string contains any character in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr bool HasAny(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		return !HasNone(Str, Set);
+	}
+
+	/** Test if string contains no character in set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr bool HasNone(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		uint64_t Match = 0;
+		for (auto Char : Str)
+		{
+			Match |= Set.Test(Char);
+		}
+		return Match == 0;
+	}
+
+	/** Test if string contains any character outside of set */
+	template<class StringType>
+	static constexpr bool HasOnly(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		auto End = Str.data() + Str.size();
+		return FindFirst<EInclude::Members>(Set, GetData(Str), End) == End;
+	}
+
+private:
+	enum class EDir
+	{
+		Forward,
+		Reverse
+	};
+	enum class EInclude
+	{
+		Members,
+		NonMembers
+	};
+	enum class EKeep
+	{
+		Head,
+		Tail
+	};
+
+	template<EInclude Include, typename CharType>
+	static constexpr const CharType* FindFirst(AsciiSet Set, const CharType* It, const CharType* End)
+	{
+		for (; It != End && (Include == EInclude::Members) == !!Set.Test(*It); ++It)
+			;
+		return It;
+	}
+
+	template<EInclude Include, typename CharType>
+	static constexpr const CharType* FindLast(AsciiSet Set, const CharType* It, const CharType* End)
+	{
+		for (; It != End && (Include == EInclude::Members) == !!Set.Test(*It); --It)
+			;
+		return It;
+	}
+
+	template<EDir Dir, EInclude Include, EKeep Keep, class StringType>
+	static constexpr StringType Scan(const StringType& Str, AsciiSet Set)
+	{
+		auto Begin = Str.data();
+		auto End   = Begin + Str.size();
+		auto It	   = Dir == EDir::Forward ? FindFirst<Include>(Set, Begin, End) : FindLast<Include>(Set, End - 1, Begin - 1) + 1;
+
+		return Keep == EKeep::Head ? StringType(Begin, static_cast<int32_t>(It - Begin)) : StringType(It, static_cast<int32_t>(End - It));
+	}
+
+	// Work-around for constexpr limitations
+	struct InitData
+	{
+		uint64_t Lo, Hi;
+	};
+	static constexpr uint64_t NilMask = uint64_t(1) << '\0';
+
+	static constexpr inline void SetImpl(InitData& Bitset, uint32_t Char)
+	{
+		uint64_t IsLo = uint64_t(0) - (Char >> 6 == 0);
+		uint64_t IsHi = uint64_t(0) - (Char >> 6 == 1);
+		uint64_t Bit  = uint64_t(1) << uint8_t(Char & 0x3f);
+
+		Bitset.Lo |= Bit & IsLo;
+		Bitset.Hi |= Bit & IsHi;
+	}
+
+	constexpr inline uint64_t TestImpl(uint32_t Char) const
+	{
+		uint64_t IsLo = uint64_t(0) - (Char >> 6 == 0);
+		uint64_t IsHi = uint64_t(0) - (Char >> 6 == 1);
+		uint64_t Bit  = uint64_t(1) << (Char & 0x3f);
+
+		return (Bit & IsLo & LoMask) | (Bit & IsHi & HiMask);
+	}
+
+	template<typename CharType, int N>
+	static constexpr InitData StringToBitset(const CharType (&Chars)[N])
+	{
+		using UnsignedCharType = std::make_unsigned<CharType>::type;
+
+		InitData Bitset = {0, 0};
+		for (int I = 0; I < N - 1; ++I)
+		{
+			SetImpl(Bitset, UnsignedCharType(Chars[I]));
+		}
+
+		return Bitset;
+	}
+
+	constexpr AsciiSet(InitData Bitset) : LoMask(Bitset.Lo), HiMask(Bitset.Hi) {}
+
+	constexpr AsciiSet(uint64_t Lo, uint64_t Hi) : LoMask(Lo), HiMask(Hi) {}
+
+	uint64_t LoMask, HiMask;
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
 void string_forcelink();  // internal
 
 }  // namespace zen
diff --git a/zencore/include/zencore/zencore.h b/zencore/include/zencore/zencore.h
index f6093cb96..4b9c1af1b 100644
--- a/zencore/include/zencore/zencore.h
+++ b/zencore/include/zencore/zencore.h
@@ -102,9 +102,11 @@
 // Tells the compiler to put the decorated function in a certain section (aka. segment) of the executable.
 #	define ZEN_CODE_SECTION(Name) __declspec(code_seg(Name))
 #	define ZEN_FORCENOINLINE	   __declspec(noinline) /* Force code to NOT be inline */
+#	define LINE_TERMINATOR_ANSI   "\r\n"
 #else
 #	define ZEN_CODE_SECTION(Name)
 #	define ZEN_FORCENOINLINE
+#	define LINE_TERMINATOR_ANSI "\n"
 #endif
 
 #if ZEN_ARCH_ARM64
diff --git a/zencore/iobuffer.cpp b/zencore/iobuffer.cpp
index 5d3458dba..a730a316f 100644
--- a/zencore/iobuffer.cpp
+++ b/zencore/iobuffer.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <zencore/except.h>
 #include <zencore/filesystem.h>
 #include <zencore/fmtutils.h>
+#include <zencore/iohash.h>
 #include <zencore/logging.h>
 #include <zencore/memory.h>
 #include <zencore/testing.h>
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ IoBufferCore::AllocateBuffer(size_t InSize, size_t Alignment)
 		return VirtualAlloc(nullptr, InSize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
 	}
 	else
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 	{
 		return Memory::Alloc(InSize, Alignment);
 	}
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ IoBufferCore::FreeBuffer()
 		VirtualFree(const_cast<void*>(m_DataPtr), 0, MEM_DECOMMIT);
 	}
 	else
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 	{
 		return Memory::Free(const_cast<void*>(m_DataPtr));
 	}
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ IoBufferExtendedCore::~IoBufferExtendedCore()
 #if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 		BOOL Success = CloseHandle(m_FileHandle);
 #else
-		int Fd = int(uintptr_t(m_FileHandle));
+		int	 Fd		 = int(uintptr_t(m_FileHandle));
 		bool Success = (close(Fd) == 0);
 #endif
 
@@ -241,17 +242,17 @@ IoBufferExtendedCore::Materialize() const
 									 /* FileOffsetLow */ uint32_t(MapOffset & 0xffFFffFFu),
 									 /* dwNumberOfBytesToMap */ MapSize);
 #else
-	m_MmapHandle = (void*)uintptr_t(~MapSize); // ~ so it's never null (assuming MapSize >= 0)
+	m_MmapHandle = (void*)uintptr_t(~MapSize);	// ~ so it's never null (assuming MapSize >= 0)
 	m_Flags |= kOwnsMmap;
 
 	void* MappedBase = mmap(
 		/* addr */ nullptr,
 		/* length */ MapSize,
 		/* prot */ PROT_READ,
-		/* flags */ MAP_SHARED|MAP_NORESERVE,
+		/* flags */ MAP_SHARED | MAP_NORESERVE,
 		/* fd */ int(uintptr_t(m_FileHandle)),
 		/* offset */ MapOffset);
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 	if (MappedBase == nullptr)
 	{
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ IoBufferBuilder::MakeFromFile(const path_char_t* FileName, uint64_t Offset, uint
 	struct stat Stat;
 	fstat(Fd, &Stat);
 	FileSize = Stat.st_size;
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 	// TODO: should validate that offset is in range
 
@@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ IoBuffer
 IoBufferBuilder::MakeFromTemporaryFile(const path_char_t* FileName)
 {
 	uint64_t FileSize;
-	void* Handle;
+	void*	 Handle;
 
 #if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 	CAtlFile DataFile;
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ IoBufferBuilder::MakeFromTemporaryFile(const path_char_t* FileName)
 	FileSize = Stat.st_size;
 
 	Handle = (void*)uintptr_t(Fd);
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 	IoBuffer Iob(IoBuffer::File, Handle, 0, FileSize);
 	Iob.m_Core->SetIsWholeFile(true);
@@ -455,6 +456,13 @@ IoBufferBuilder::MakeFromTemporaryFile(const path_char_t* FileName)
 	return Iob;
 }
 
+IoHash
+HashBuffer(IoBuffer& Buffer)
+{
+	// TODO: handle disk buffers with special path
+	return IoHash::HashBuffer(Buffer.Data(), Buffer.Size());
+}
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #if ZEN_WITH_TESTS
diff --git a/zencore/stats.cpp b/zencore/stats.cpp
index c5187940e..9ae2ddd28 100644
--- a/zencore/stats.cpp
+++ b/zencore/stats.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "zencore/stats.h"
 #include <cmath>
+#include "zencore/thread.h"
 #include "zencore/timer.h"
 
 #if ZEN_WITH_TESTS
@@ -14,62 +15,254 @@
 
 namespace zen {
 
-static constexpr int	kTickInterval	  = 5;	// In seconds
-static constexpr double kSecondsPerMinute = 60.0;
-static constexpr int	kOneMinute		  = 1;
-static constexpr int	kFiveMinutes	  = 5;
-static constexpr int	kFifteenMinutes	  = 15;
+static constinit int	kTickIntervalInSeconds = 5;
+static constinit double kSecondsPerMinute	   = 60.0;
+static constinit int	kOneMinute			   = 1;
+static constinit int	kFiveMinutes		   = 5;
+static constinit int	kFifteenMinutes		   = 15;
 
-static double kM1_ALPHA	 = 1.0 - std::exp(-kTickInterval / kSecondsPerMinute / kOneMinute);
-static double kM5_ALPHA	 = 1.0 - std::exp(-kTickInterval / kSecondsPerMinute / kFiveMinutes);
-static double kM15_ALPHA = 1.0 - std::exp(-kTickInterval / kSecondsPerMinute / kFifteenMinutes);
+static const double kM1_ALPHA  = 1.0 - std::exp(-kTickIntervalInSeconds / kSecondsPerMinute / kOneMinute);
+static const double kM5_ALPHA  = 1.0 - std::exp(-kTickIntervalInSeconds / kSecondsPerMinute / kFiveMinutes);
+static const double kM15_ALPHA = 1.0 - std::exp(-kTickIntervalInSeconds / kSecondsPerMinute / kFifteenMinutes);
 
-static uint64_t CountPerTick   = GetHifreqTimerFrequencySafe() * kTickInterval;
-static uint64_t CountPerSecond = GetHifreqTimerFrequencySafe();
+static const uint64_t CountPerTick	 = GetHifreqTimerFrequencySafe() * kTickIntervalInSeconds;
+static const uint64_t CountPerSecond = GetHifreqTimerFrequencySafe();
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 void
-EWMA::Tick(double Alpha, uint64_t Interval, uint64_t Count, bool IsInitialUpdate)
+RawEWMA::Tick(double Alpha, uint64_t Interval, uint64_t Count, bool IsInitialUpdate)
 {
-	double InstantRate = double(Count) / Interval;
+	const double InstantRate = double(Count) / Interval;
 
 	if (IsInitialUpdate)
 	{
-		m_rate = InstantRate;
+		m_Rate.store(InstantRate, std::memory_order_release);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		m_rate += Alpha * (InstantRate - m_rate);
+		m_Rate.fetch_add(Alpha * (InstantRate - m_Rate));
 	}
 }
 
 double
-EWMA::Rate() const
+RawEWMA::Rate() const
 {
-	return m_rate * CountPerSecond;
+	return m_Rate.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) * CountPerSecond;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Meter::Meter() : m_StartTick{GetHifreqTimerValue()}, m_LastTick(m_StartTick.load())
+{
+}
+
+Meter::~Meter()
+{
+}
+
+void
+Meter::TickIfNecessary()
+{
+	uint64_t	   OldTick = m_LastTick.load();
+	const uint64_t NewTick = GetHifreqTimerValue();
+	const uint64_t Age	   = NewTick - OldTick;
+
+	if (Age > CountPerTick)
+	{
+		// Ensure only one thread at a time updates the time. This
+		// works because our tick interval should be sufficiently
+		// long to ensure two threads don't end up inside this block
+
+		if (m_LastTick.compare_exchange_strong(OldTick, NewTick))
+		{
+			m_Remain.fetch_add(Age);
+
+			do
+			{
+				int64_t Remain = m_Remain.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+				if (Remain < 0)
+				{
+					return;
+				}
+
+				if (m_Remain.compare_exchange_strong(Remain, Remain - CountPerTick))
+				{
+					Tick();
+				}
+			} while (true);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void
+Meter::Tick()
+{
+	const uint64_t PendingCount = m_PendingCount.exchange(0);
+	const bool	   IsFirstTick	= m_IsFirstTick;
+
+	if (IsFirstTick)
+	{
+		m_IsFirstTick = false;
+	}
+
+	m_RateM1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerTick, PendingCount, IsFirstTick);
+	m_RateM5.Tick(kM5_ALPHA, CountPerTick, PendingCount, IsFirstTick);
+	m_RateM15.Tick(kM15_ALPHA, CountPerTick, PendingCount, IsFirstTick);
+}
+
+double
+Meter::Rate1()
+{
+	TickIfNecessary();
+
+	return m_RateM1.Rate();
+}
+
+double
+Meter::Rate5()
+{
+	TickIfNecessary();
+
+	return m_RateM5.Rate();
+}
+
+double
+Meter::Rate15()
+{
+	TickIfNecessary();
+
+	return m_RateM15.Rate();
+}
+
+double
+Meter::MeanRate()
+{
+	const uint64_t Count = m_TotalCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+	if (Count == 0)
+	{
+		return 0.0;
+	}
+
+	const uint64_t Elapsed = GetHifreqTimerValue() - m_StartTick;
+
+	return (double(Count) * GetHifreqTimerFrequency()) / Elapsed;
+}
+
+void
+Meter::Mark(uint64_t Count)
+{
+	TickIfNecessary();
+
+	m_TotalCount.fetch_add(Count);
+	m_PendingCount.fetch_add(Count);
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #if ZEN_WITH_TESTS
 
-TEST_CASE("Stats")
+TEST_CASE("EWMA")
 {
-	SUBCASE("Simple")
+	SUBCASE("Simple_1")
+	{
+		RawEWMA Ewma1;
+		Ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 5, true);
+
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 5) < 0.1);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < 60; ++i)
+		{
+			Ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 10, false);
+		}
+
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 10) < 0.1);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < 60; ++i)
+		{
+			Ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 20, false);
+		}
+
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 20) < 0.1);
+	}
+
+	SUBCASE("Simple_10")
 	{
-		EWMA ewma1;
-		ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 5, true);
+		RawEWMA Ewma1;
+		RawEWMA Ewma5;
+		RawEWMA Ewma15;
+		Ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 5, true);
+		Ewma5.Tick(kM5_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 5, true);
+		Ewma15.Tick(kM15_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 5, true);
+
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 5) < 0.1);
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma5.Rate() - 5) < 0.1);
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma15.Rate() - 5) < 0.1);
 
-		CHECK(ewma1.Rate() - 5 < 0.001);
+		auto Tick1	= [&Ewma1](auto Value) { Ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, Value, false); };
+		auto Tick5	= [&Ewma5](auto Value) { Ewma5.Tick(kM5_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, Value, false); };
+		auto Tick15 = [&Ewma15](auto Value) { Ewma15.Tick(kM15_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, Value, false); };
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < 60; ++i)
-			ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 10, false);
+		{
+			Tick1(10);
+			Tick5(10);
+			Tick15(10);
+		}
+
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 10) < 0.1);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < 5 * 60; ++i)
+		{
+			Tick1(20);
+			Tick5(20);
+			Tick15(20);
+		}
 
-		CHECK(ewma1.Rate() - 10 < 0.001);
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 20) < 0.1);
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma5.Rate() - 20) < 0.1);
 
-		ewma1.Tick(kM1_ALPHA, CountPerSecond, 10, false);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 16 * 60; ++i)
+		{
+			Tick1(100);
+			Tick5(100);
+			Tick15(100);
+		}
+
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma1.Rate() - 100) < 0.1);
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma5.Rate() - 100) < 0.1);
+		CHECK(fabs(Ewma15.Rate() - 100) < 0.5);
 	}
 }
 
+#	if 0  // This is not really a unit test, but mildly useful to exercise some code
+TEST_CASE("Meter")
+{
+	Meter Meter1;
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	Meter1.Mark(1);
+	Sleep(1000);
+	[[maybe_unused]] double Rate = Meter1.MeanRate();
+}
+#	endif
+
 void
 stats_forcelink()
 {
diff --git a/zencore/thread.cpp b/zencore/thread.cpp
index 748a0b146..20ab19f56 100644
--- a/zencore/thread.cpp
+++ b/zencore/thread.cpp
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ NamedMutex::Exists(std::string_view MutexName)
 	return true;
 }
 
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 #if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ ProcessHandle::Wait(int TimeoutMs)
 	return false;
 }
 
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ ProcessMonitor::IsActive() const
 	return m_ProcessHandles.empty() == false;
 }
 
-#endif // ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif	// ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
diff --git a/zencore/timer.cpp b/zencore/timer.cpp
index 1e73a7532..88ec89cb7 100644
--- a/zencore/timer.cpp
+++ b/zencore/timer.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ GetHifreqTimerValue()
 }
 
 uint64_t
-internalGetHifreqTimerFrequency()
+InternalGetHifreqTimerFrequency()
 {
 #if ZEN_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 	LARGE_INTEGER li;
@@ -42,21 +42,23 @@ internalGetHifreqTimerFrequency()
 #endif
 }
 
-static uint64_t qpcFreq = internalGetHifreqTimerFrequency();
+static uint64_t QpcFreq = InternalGetHifreqTimerFrequency();
 
 uint64_t
 GetHifreqTimerFrequency()
 {
-	return qpcFreq;
+	return QpcFreq;
 }
 
 uint64_t
 GetHifreqTimerFrequencySafe()
 {
-	if (!qpcFreq)
-		qpcFreq = internalGetHifreqTimerFrequency();
+	if (!QpcFreq)
+	{
+		QpcFreq = InternalGetHifreqTimerFrequency();
+	}
 
-	return qpcFreq;
+	return QpcFreq;
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/zencore/zencore.vcxproj b/zencore/zencore.vcxproj
index 2322f7173..3adf779ed 100644
--- a/zencore/zencore.vcxproj
+++ b/zencore/zencore.vcxproj
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\atomic.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\base64.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\blake3.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\compositebuffer.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\crc32.h" />
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\zencore.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="base64.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="blake3.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="compositebuffer.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="compress.cpp" />
diff --git a/zencore/zencore.vcxproj.filters b/zencore/zencore.vcxproj.filters
index d2e7a3159..92aa0db1d 100644
--- a/zencore/zencore.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/zencore/zencore.vcxproj.filters
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\testutils.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\testing.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\mpscqueue.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\zencore\base64.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClCompile Include="sha1.cpp" />
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="session.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="testutils.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="mpscqueue.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="base64.cpp" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Filter Include="CAS">