//~~~ 7a
//~~~ 6.8 Exercises
//~~~ pp 132 - 133
//~~~ 5 pts #1 - 9
//~~~ Submit: value of “a” after the expression is executed

//1. a = sqrt(9.0);					a = 3.0
//2. a = sqrt(-9.0);					a = -nan(ind) Does not work. Cannot take the squart root of a negative number.
//3. a = pow(2.0, 5);				a = 32
//4. a = pow(2.0, -2);				a = 0.25
//5. a = ceil(5.1);					a = 6
//6. a = ceil(5.9);					a = 6
//7. a = floor(5.1);					a = 5
//8. a = floor(5.9);					a = 5
//9. a = sqrt(pow(abs(-2), 4));		a = 4.0


//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//  CODE FOR PROBLEM #1 ON PAGE 207 IS BELOW
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


//#include <iostream>
//
//using std::cout;
//using std::cin;
//using std::endl;
//
//float GetAvg();
//
//int main()
//{
//	float average = GetAvg();
//
//	cout << "\n\n\t\tThe average is: " << average << endl;
//	
//	return 0;
//}
//
//float GetAvg()
//{
//	float val1 = 0;
//	float val2 = 0;
//	float val3 = 0;
//	float avg = 0;
//
//	cout << "\n\tEnter value 1: ";
//	cin >> val1;
//
//	cout << "\n\tEnter value 2: ";
//	cin >> val2;
//
//	cout << "\n\tEnter value 3: ";
//	cin >> val3;
//
//	avg = (float) (val1 + val2 + val3) / 3;
//
//	return avg;
//}


//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//  CODE FOR PROBLEM #1 ON PAGE 214 IS BELOW
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

//#include <iostream>
//
//using namespace std;
//
//void GetInput(float&, int&);
//void CalcRaise(float&, int&);
//int CalcBonus(int);
//void PrintCalculations(int, float, int);
//
//int main()
//{
//	int years_service = 0;
//	float salary = 0.0;
//
//	GetInput(salary, years_service);
//	CalcRaise(salary, years_service);
//	CalcBonus(years_service);
//
//	int bonus = CalcBonus(years_service);
//
//	PrintCalculations(years_service, salary, bonus);
//
//	return 0;
//}
//
//void GetInput(float& salary, int& years_service)
//{
//	cout << "Enter the employee's salary: ";
//	cin >> salary;
//
//	while (salary <= 0)
//	{
//		cout << "Enter the employee's salary: ";
//		cin >> salary;
//	}
//
//	cout << "\nEnter the employee's years of service: ";
//	cin >> years_service;
//
//	while (years_service <= 0)
//	{
//		cout << "Enter the employee's years of service: ";
//		cin >> years_service;
//	}
//}
//
//void CalcRaise(float& salary, int& years_service)
//{
//	if (years_service > 10)
//		salary += (salary * 0.1);
//
//	else if (years_service >= 5)
//		salary += (salary * 0.05);
//
//	else
//		salary += (salary * 0.02);
//}
//
//int CalcBonus(int years_service)
//{
//	int bonus = 0;
//	
//	if (years_service % 2 == 0)
//	{
//		bonus = (years_service / 2) * 500;
//	}
//
//	else
//	{
//		years_service--;
//		bonus = (years_service / 2) * 500;
//	}
//
//	return bonus;
//}
//
//void PrintCalculations(int years_service, float salary, int bonus)
//{
//	cout << "\n\n\tEmployee's years of service: " << years_service;
//	cout << "\n\tNew salary: " << salary;
//	cout << "\n\tBonus: " << bonus << "\n\n" << endl;
//}


//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//  CODE FOR PROBLEM #1 ON PAGE 216 IS BELOW
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

//#include <iostream>
//#include <iomanip>
//
//using namespace std;
//
//void GetInput(int&, int&, float&);
//void DisplayTime(int, int, float, int);
//
//int main()
//{
//	int hours = 0;
//	int minutes = 0;
//	float seconds = 0.0;
//	int format = 0;
//
//	GetInput(hours, minutes, seconds);
//
//	do
//	{
//		cout << "\n\n\t\tTime output formats";
//		cout << "\n\t1) 12hr";
//		cout << "\n\t2) 24hr";
//		cout << "\n\t3) Military";
//		cout << "\n\n\t\tChoose format: ";
//		cin >> format;
//	}
//	while (format != 1 && format != 2 && format != 3);
//
//	cout << "\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n";
//
//	DisplayTime(hours, minutes, seconds, format);
//
//	return 0;
//}
//
//void GetInput(int& hours, int& minutes, float& seconds)
//{
//	cout << "\n\tEnter Hours   (0 - 23): ";
//	cin >> hours;
//
//	cout << "\n\tEnter minutes (0 - 59): ";
//	cin >> minutes;
//
//	cout << "\n\tEnter seconds (0 - 59): ";
//	cin >> seconds;
//}
//
//void DisplayTime(int hours, int minutes, float seconds, int format)
//{
//	switch (format)
//	{
//		case 1:	//12hr format
//			if (hours > 12)
//			{
//				hours = hours - 12;
//				cout << "\n\tThe time is ";
//				cout << hours << ":" << minutes << ":" << seconds << "PM" << endl;
//			}
//			else if (hours == 12)
//			{
//				cout << "\n\tThe time is ";
//				cout << hours << ":" << minutes << ":" << seconds << "PM" << endl;
//			}
//			else
//			{
//				cout << "\n\tThe time is ";
//				cout << hours << ":" << minutes << ":" << seconds << "AM" << endl;
//			}
//			break;
//
//		case 2: //24hr format
//			cout << "\n\tThe time is ";
//			cout << hours << ":" << minutes << ":" << seconds << endl;
//			break;
//
//		case 3: //military time
//			cout << "\n\tThe time is ";
//			cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hours << setw(2) << minutes << ":" << setw(2) << seconds << endl;
//			break;
//
//		default: //invalid menu choice
//			cout << "ERROR: Invalid menu choice";
//	}
//}


//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//  CODE FOR DEBUGGING EXERCISE 9.13 ON PAGES 226 - 229 IS BELOW
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


/********************************************************************
* File: Chapter 9 Debug.cpp
*
* General Instructions: Complete each step before proceeding to the
* next.
*
* Debugging Exercise 1
*
* 1) Insert a breakpoint on the lines indicated in the code.
* 2) Run to Breakpoint 1.
* 3) Place a watch on age and days.
* 4) Add another watch using &age for the name. This will display
*    the address of age.
* 5) Write down the address of age.
* 6) Step Into the code for the function GetAge.
* 7) The execution continues to the function header for GetAge.
* 8) Step into one more time.
* 9) Why did the address of age and value change?
* ANSWER: A completely different and seperate variable named "age" was created. 
*        There was no call in the function to any variables from the main function.
* 10) Step over the cout and cin statements.
* 11) Verify the value entered is stored properly in age.
* 12) Step into until the flow returns to main.
* 13) Step over one more time.
* 14) Why didn't the value entered get transferred back to main?
* ANSWER: It involved a different variable.
* 15) Stop debugging and fix the error.
* 16) Run to Breakpoint 1.
* 17) Step over the function call to GetAge.
* 18) Verify that the value entered was returned and stored
*     correctly from GetAge.
* 19) Stop debugging.
*
* Debugging Exercise 2
*
* 1) Run to Breakpoint 1.
* 2) Step over the call to GetAge.
* 3) Step into CalcDays.
* 4) Step into one more time so that the current line is the
*    calculation.
* 5) Why is age greyed out in your watch window?
* ANSWER: "age" is currently unchagable and utilized elsewhere (not within scope).
* 6) Stop debugging.
*
* Debugging Exercise 3
*
* 1) Run to Breakpoint 2.
* 2) When asked, enter the value of 20 for your age.
* 3) Verify that the variable age is 20 and the variable days
*    is 7300.
* 4) Step into the PrintResults function.
* 5) Age is 7300? Not even Ralph is that old.
* 6) Why did the values for both variables change?
* ANSWER: Call by value happened, new addresses were created for those same names.
* 7) Stop debugging and fix the error.
*
* Debugging Exercise 4
*
* 1) Run to Breakpoint 2.
* 2) Display your Call Stack window.
* 3) View the contents of the window and notice that the top
*    function on the stack is main.
* 4) Step into the PrintResults function.
* 5) Notice that the call stack now shows PrintResults on top of
*    the stack.
********************************************************************/
//#include <iostream>
//
//using namespace std;
//
//const int DAYS_PER_YEAR = 365;
//
//int GetAge(int&);
//int CalcDays(int age);
//void PrintResults(int age, int days);
//
//int main()
//{
//    int age = 0;
//    int days = 0;
//
//    // Breakpoint 1
//    // Put breakpoint on the following line 
//    GetAge(age);
//    days = CalcDays(age);
//
//    // Breakpoint 2
//    // Put breakpoint on the following line
//    PrintResults(age, days);
//
//    return 0;
//}
//int GetAge(int& age)
//{
//
//    cout << "Please enter your age: ";
//    cin >> age;
//
//    return age;
//}
//int CalcDays(int years)
//{
//    int days;
//
//    days = years * DAYS_PER_YEAR;
//
//    return days;
//}
//void PrintResults(int age, int days)
//{
//    cout << age << "! Boy are you old!\n";
//    cout << "Did you know that you are at least " << days << " days old?\n\n";
//}


//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//  CODE FOR PROBLEM #1 ON PAGE 229 IS BELOW
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

//#include <iostream>
//#include <iomanip>
//
//using namespace std;
//
//void GetInput(int&, int&);
//void DrawBox(int, int);
//void Welcome();
//
//int main()
//{
//	int width = 0;
//	int height = 0;
//
//	Welcome();
//
//	GetInput(width, height);
//	DrawBox(width, height);
//
//	return 0;
//
//}
//
//void Welcome()
//{
//	cout << "\n\t\t" << char(218) << " - - - - - - - - - " << char(191);
//	cout << "\n\t\t   Simple box maker";
//	cout << "\n\t\t" << char(192) << " - - - - - - - - - " << char(217) << "\n";
//}
//
//void GetInput(int& width, int& height)
//{
//	cout << "\n\tEnter desired width: ";
//	cin >> width;
//
//	cout << "\n\tEnter desired height: ";
//	cin >> height;
//}
//
//void DrawBox(int width, int height)
//{
//	int count = height - 2;
//
//	//upper left corner, top, upper right corner
//	cout << char(218) << setw(width - 1) << setfill(char(196)) << char(191) << "\n";
//
//	//left and right sides
//	while (count > 0)
//	{
//		cout << char(179) << setw(width - 1) << setfill(char(255)) << char(179) << "\n";
//		count--;
//	}
//
//	//lower left corner, bottom, lower right corner
//	cout << char(192) << setw(width - 1) << setfill(char(196)) << char(217) << "\n" << endl;
//}